Biology Forums - Study Force

1.   Oxygen transport in the blood:
      _______% is bound to hemoglobin
      _______% dissolves in plasma
   2.   The hemoglobin molecule is composed of ____ polypeptide chains and ____ heme groups containing iron.
      What does oxygen bind to? ______________
   3.   After one oxygen molecule (O2) binds to hemoglobin, it is easier for the other molecules to bind to the hemoglobin. This is known as _________________________.
   4.   When oxygen is loaded onto hemoglobin in the lungs, hemoglobin is called _________________________, and when oxygen is unloaded from the hemoglobin at the tissues, it is called _________________________.
   5.   From the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, we see the following:
Lungs:    Partial pressure of oxygen is ____ mmHg
      Hemoglobin is ____% saturated
Tissues:   Partial pressure of oxygen is ___ mmHg
      Hemoglobin is ____% saturated
   6.   Effect of high altitude on lung PO2:
      With a decrease of 20 mmHg in the lungs, will the saturation of hemoglobin decrease significantly? ______________
   7.   Effect of exercise on tissue PO2:
      With a decrease of 20 mmHg in the tissues, will the saturation of hemoglobin decrease significantly? ______________.
      How does this help the tissues? _________________________.
   8.   Name the other factors that alter PO2: _________________________
      During exercise, would an increase (­) or decrease (¯) in these factors decrease PO2 hemoglobin saturation, making more O2 available to the tissues?
____   _________
____   _________
____   _________
____   _________
      These factors would shift the oxygen-hemoglobin curve to the _________.
   9.   List the percentages for CO2 transport in the blood:
      ____% dissolved in plasma
      ____% combined with hemoglobin
      ____% converted to bicarbonate ions
      When CO2 binds to hemoglobin, it is called _________________________.
   10.   CO2 transport as bicarbonate ions:
      CO2 binds with water to form ______________ acid.
      The catalyst for this reaction is ______________ ______________ .
      The acid mentioned above then dissociates into ______________ ions and ______________ ions.
      When bicarbonate ions move out of the red blood cell, ______________ ions move in.
      This is known as the ______________ shift.
      The reaction occurs in the opposite direction at the lungs so that CO2 can be released.
   11.   A decrease in hemoglobin O2 leads to an increase in CO2 loading. Said another way, O2 loading facilitates CO2 unloading. (Note: The effect is on CO2 loading and unloading.)
      This is known as the ______________ effect.
   12.   A decrease in CO2 loading facilitates O2 unloading from hemoglobin. Said another way, CO2 loading facilitates O2 unloading. (Note: The effect is on O2 loading and unloading.)
      This is known as the ______________ effect.

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