Cell Biology

An electrical current of 1 A is approximately 6 x 1018 electrical charges per second; how many ions

An electrical current of 1 A is approximately 6 x 1018 electrical charges per second; how many ions

An electrical current of 1 A is approximately 6 x 1018 electrical charges per second; how many ions pass through the channel when it is open? 
A) 144,000 ions 
B) 2400 ions 
C) 8,640,000 ions 
D) 8640 ions&

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The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is -66 mV. Depolarization of the membrane will shif

The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is -66 mV. Depolarization of the membrane will shif

The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is -66 mV. Depolarization of the membrane will shift the membrane potential toward 
A) -90 mV. 
B) -66 mV. 
C) 0 mV. 
D) There will be no change. 

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The portion of the nervous system that is associated with the control of involuntary activities is t

The portion of the nervous system that is associated with the control of involuntary activities is t

The portion of the nervous system that is associated with the control of involuntary activities is the 
A) central nervous system. 
B) peripheral nervous system. 
C) autonomic nervous system. 
D) somatic ne

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The plant cell organelle analogous to the endosome is the

The plant cell organelle analogous to the endosome is the

The plant cell organelle analogous to the endosome is the
A) provacuole.
B) lysosome.
C) peroxisome.
D) glycoxysome.
E) none of the above

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All of the following are true about botulinum toxin/Botox except

All of the following are true about botulinum toxin/Botox except

All of the following are true about botulinum toxin/Botox except
A) The toxin is one of the most potent toxins known.
B) Botox is a SNARE protein.
C) It can be used therapeutically to stop muscle spasms.
D) It has been used to rem

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A protein that is N-glycosylated is expected to

A protein that is N-glycosylated is expected to

A protein that is N-glycosylated is expected to
A) be secreted from the cell.
B) be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
C) be localized in the Golgi body.
D) eventually become an endosome.
E) eventually become a peroxisom

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All of the following are part of the core oligosaccharide side chain in the ER, except

All of the following are part of the core oligosaccharide side chain in the ER, except

All of the following are part of the core oligosaccharide side chain in the ER, except
A) N-acetyl glucosamine.
B) erythrose.
C) mannose.
D) glucose.
E) both choices A and C

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Which of the following molecules stabilizes the cell membrane during coated pit formation?

Which of the following molecules stabilizes the cell membrane during coated pit formation?

Which of the following molecules stabilizes the cell membrane during coated pit formation?
A) mannose-6-phosphate
B) KDEL signals
C) clatherin
D) botulinum toxin
E) stabilin

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Which of the following statements regarding CAM plants is true?

Which of the following statements regarding CAM plants is true?

Which of the following statements regarding CAM plants is true?
A) Stomata are open during the day.
B) Malate is stored in large vacuoles.
C) CO2 is transported directly into mesophyll cells.
D) They assimilate 25% less CO2 than C

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Which of the following products cannot be used in the Calvin cycle?

Which of the following products cannot be used in the Calvin cycle?

Which of the following products cannot be used in the Calvin cycle?
A) phosphoglycolate
B) NADPH
C) 3-phosphoglycerate
D) CO2
E) ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate

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Which of the following compounds is not a source of electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Which of the following compounds is not a source of electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Which of the following compounds is not a source of electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis? 
A) SH- 
B) S2O32- 
C) H2O 
D) succinate 
E) All of the above are used.

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Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll a and b in structure and function. Which of the followi

Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll a and b in structure and function. Which of the followi

Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll a and b in structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly contrasts these types of chlorophyll? 
A) Bacteriochlorophyll  has a porphyrin ring, whereas chlorophyll does

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Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis?

Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis?

Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis? 
A) They are parasites of plants that do have organelles.   
B) They interact in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic plants.   
C) The

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Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway? 
A) lysosome, chloroplast, rough endoplasmic reticulum 
B) mitochondrion, nucleus, lysosome 
C) peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast 

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Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for sta

Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for sta

Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for starch and sucrose synthesis? 
A) 3-phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehy

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The regeneration of what CO2 acceptor molecule allows for continuous carbon assimilation in the Calv

The regeneration of what CO2 acceptor molecule allows for continuous carbon assimilation in the Calv

The regeneration of what CO2 acceptor molecule allows for continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle? 
A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
C) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D)

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Which of the following statements is correct regarding cyclic photosynthetic pathways?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding cyclic photosynthetic pathways?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding cyclic photosynthetic pathways?
A) Water molecules need to be split.
B) Both PSI and PSII are required.
C) Proton gradients are not formed.
D) No exogenous electron source is

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The Calvin cycle occurs in the ________ region of the chloroplast.

The Calvin cycle occurs in the ________ region of the chloroplast.

The Calvin cycle occurs in the ________ region of the chloroplast.
A) stroma
B) grana
C) thylakoid lumen
D) thylakoid membrane
E) outer membrane

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Which of the following minerals are directly involved with light absorption in photosynthesis?

Which of the following minerals are directly involved with light absorption in photosynthesis?

Which of the following minerals are directly involved with light absorption in photosynthesis?
A) Zn
B) Mg
C) Fe
D) Ca
E) Na

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The transfer of energy from a photoexcited electron to another electron of an adjacent pigment molec

The transfer of energy from a photoexcited electron to another electron of an adjacent pigment molec

The transfer of energy from a photoexcited electron to another electron of an adjacent pigment molecule is known as 
A) photoexcitation.
B) quantum leap.
C) photophosphorylation.
D) resonance energy transfer.
E) pho

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The ATP synthase complex in the thylakoid membrane

The ATP synthase complex in the thylakoid membrane

The ATP synthase complex in the thylakoid membrane 
A) contains an embedded CF1 component and a protruding CFo component. 
B) is identical to the FoF1 complex of mitochondria. 
C) performs photophosphorylation in oxyg

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Plastoquinol transfers electrons from (Multiple Choice Question)

Plastoquinol transfers electrons from (Multiple Choice Question)

Plastoquinol transfers electrons from
A) cytochrome b6/f complex to coenzyme Q.
B) photosystem II to photosystem I.
C) water to photosystem II.
D) light harvesting complex II to photosystem II.
E) cytochrome b6/f to plastiqui

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Plastocyanin (PC) (Multiple Choice)

Plastocyanin (PC) (Multiple Choice)

Plastocyanin (PC) 
A) is a mobile electron carrier. 
B) is also called plastoquinol. 
C) carries only a single electron at a time.   
D) both choices A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C

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The Emerson enhancement effect (Multiple Choice)

The Emerson enhancement effect (Multiple Choice)

The Emerson enhancement effect 
A) was proposed by Robert Emerson in the 1980s. 
B) states that there are three or four separate photoreactions. 
C) is a synergistic phenomenon. 
D) is the result of two dis

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Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and N

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and N

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and NAD+/NADH? 
A) Both are used extensively during photosynthesis in oxygenic phototrophs. 
B) Neither are helpful to oxygenic photo

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NADPH contains the pentose sugar ________ and the nitrogenous base ________.

NADPH contains the pentose sugar ________ and the nitrogenous base ________.

NADPH contains the pentose sugar ________ and the nitrogenous base ________. 
A) glucose; thymine 
B) deoxyribose; cytosine 
C) deoxyribose; nicotinamide 
D) ribose; adenine 
E) ribose; nicotinam

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Which of the following pigments is found exclusively in red algae?

Which of the following pigments is found exclusively in red algae?

Which of the following pigments is found exclusively in red algae? 
A) chlorophyll a 
B) chlorophyll c 
C) lutein 
D) phycoerythrin 
E) β-carotene

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Which of the following initially traps solar energy in the process of photosynthesis?

Which of the following initially traps solar energy in the process of photosynthesis?

Which of the following initially traps solar energy in the process of photosynthesis? 
A) water 
B) chlorophyll 
C) triose phosphate 
D) NADP+ 
E) ATP

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What is the advantage to having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosy

What is the advantage to having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosy

What is the advantage to having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosynthetic process?
A) It allows for a variation in color amongst plants.
B) It allows for light in many wavelengths to be utilized for photosy

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Which of the following is not an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by

Which of the following is not an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by

Which of the following is not an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll? 
A) beta-carotene 
B) a phycobilin 
C) lutein 
D) phycochlorophyll 
E) phycocyani

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The proplastids associated with giving flowers and fruits their distinctive colors are the

The proplastids associated with giving flowers and fruits their distinctive colors are the

The proplastids associated with giving flowers and fruits their distinctive colors are the
A) chloroplasts.
B) elaioplasts.
C) amyloplasts.
D) chromoplasts.
E) plastids.

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Of the following plastids, which is not paired with the proper contents?

Of the following plastids, which is not paired with the proper contents?

Of the following plastids, which is not paired with the proper contents? 
A) amyloplasts; amylase 
B) chromoplasts; non-chlorophyll pigments 
C) chloroplasts; chlorophyll 
D) proteinoplasts; protein 

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In a chloroplast, the stroma is the

In a chloroplast, the stroma is the

In a chloroplast, the stroma is the 
A) cytochromes associated with the thylakoids. 
B) stack of thylakoids. 
C) region between in the inner and outer membranes. 
D) connection between the grana. 

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All of the following are true regarding anoxygenic photosynthesis except

All of the following are true regarding anoxygenic photosynthesis except

All of the following are true regarding anoxygenic photosynthesis except
A) a water molecule is split.
B) sulfide or thiosulfate can act as electron donors.
C) absorbed light energy is typically in the near ultraviolet and far red rang

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The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as

The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as

The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as
A) photorespiration.
B) photosynthesis.
C) phototaxis.
D) photophosphorylation.
E) photoligase

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Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP   
A) from organic compounds but use sunlight to produce carbon sources. 
B) and organic compounds from sunlight. 
C) from sunlight but c

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In brown fat, ________ present in the inner mitochondrial membrane uncouples ATP synthesis from elec

In brown fat, ________ present in the inner mitochondrial membrane uncouples ATP synthesis from elec

In brown fat, ________ present in the inner mitochondrial membrane uncouples ATP synthesis from electron transport in infants and other newborn mammals.
A) thermogenin
B) fluorocitrate
C) coenzyme A
D) submitochondrial particles

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Proton gradients are generated by all of the following complexes except

Proton gradients are generated by all of the following complexes except

Proton gradients are generated by all of the following complexes except
A) complex I.
B) complex II.
C) complex III.
D) complex IV.
E) coenzyme Q.

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The condition known as ketosis is characterized by

The condition known as ketosis is characterized by

The condition known as ketosis is characterized by
A) depleted ketobody levels
B) depleted CoA levels
C) fat oxidation to CO2.
D) increases in blood pH
E) both choices A and D

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The form of fatty acid that is transported into the mitochondrion is

The form of fatty acid that is transported into the mitochondrion is

The form of fatty acid that is transported into the mitochondrion is
A) sulfated fatty acid
B) fatty acyl CoA
C) decarboxylated fatty acid residues.
D) triacylglycerols.
E) phospholipids.

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