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biolove biolove
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12 years ago
Psychology, 10/E

Carole Wade, Dominican University of California
Carol Tavris, American Psychological Association, Association for Psychological Science

Chapter 1

1.   Psychology can be defined as the discipline concerned with:
   a.   the understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
   b.   the mind, what it is, and how it works.
   c.   behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state,
      and external environment.
   d.   the understanding of people and relationships.

2.   An important characteristic of critical thinkers is:
   a.   the belief that all opinions are created equal.
   b.   the willingness to engage in vigorous debate about the validity of an idea.
   c.   the understanding that judgment of opinions and ideas is inappropriate.
   d.   the acceptance of intuition as a valid source of ideas.

3.   Unlike modern psychologists, great thinkers of the past:
   a.   relied on observations based on anecdote and description of individual cases.
   b.   wanted to describe, predict, understand, and modify behavior.
   c.   relied heavily on empirical evidence.
   d.   wanted to know what motivated people’s actions.

4.   _______________ established the first psychological laboratory in 1879.
   a.   Joseph Gall   c.   William James
   b.   John Locke   d.   Wilhelm Wundt

5.   _______________ emphasized the purpose of behavior as opposed to its analysis and description.
   a.   Structuralism   c.   Humanism
   b.   Functionalism   d.   Behaviorism

6.   _______________ founded the field of psychoanalysis.
   a.   Sigmund Freud   c.   Wilhelm Wundt
   b.   William James   d.   E. B. Titchener

7.   Which modern perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and solve
   problems?
   a.   the learning perspective   c.   the sociocultural perspective
   b.   the cognitive perspective   d.   the psychodynamic perspective

8.   An important movement in psychology that emerged in the 1960s and rejected psychoanalysis and
   behaviorism was:
   a.   the evolutionary perspective.   c.   humanism.
   b.   the feminist movement.   d.   Gestalt psychology.

9.   _______________ is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public.
   a.   Consulting   c.   Teaching
   b.   Research   d.   Therapy

10.   In almost all states, a _______________ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology.
   a.   doctorate   c.   medical degree
   b.   master’s degree   d.   certificate from a psychoanalytic institute



Chapter 2 – Quick Quiz 1

1.   A(n) _______________ is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena.
   a.   theory   c.   operational definition
   b.   hypothesis   d.   experiment

2.   An ideal scientist should:
   a.   not express skepticism of new ideas.   c.   not support falsifiable theories.
   b.   rely on scientific intuition.   d.   be willing to make “risky predictions.”
   
3.   An advantage of naturalistic observation is that:
   a.   it shows whether two or more variables are related.
   b.   firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn.
   c.   it is often useful in the first stages of a research program.
   d.   it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people.

4.   An advantage of correlation is that:
   a.   it shows whether two or more variables are related.
   b.   firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn.
   c.   it is often useful in the first stages of a research program.
   d.   it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people.

5.   Which of the following methods would be most appropriate to study the effects of alcohol consumption on
   problem-solving ability?
   a.   correlation   c.   case study
   b.   experiments   d.   naturalistic observation

6.   The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment is the:
   a.   control variable.   c.   dependent variable.
   b.   independent variable.   d.   experimental variable.

7.   The purpose of a double-blind study is:
   a.   to eliminate experimenter effects.   c.   to test the effects of a placebo.
   b.   to increase experimental effects.   d.   to determine the visual ability of newborn infants.

8.   Descriptive statistics:
   a.   organize and summarize research data.
   b.   allow determination of statistical significance.
   c.   allow researchers to draw inferences about their results.
   d.   show how likely it is that a study’s results occurred merely by chance.

9.   Meta-analysis is used to:
   a.   determine statistical significance.
   b.   combine results from several studies.
   c.   determine the probability of chance affecting the results.
   d.   maintain ethical standards in research.

10.   APA ethical standards require researchers to:
   a.   avoid double-blind studies.   c.   limit the use of volunteers as subjects.
   b.   avoid the use of deception.   d.   obtain informed consent from subjects.
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