Biology, 8e (Campbell)
Chapter 10
Photosynthesis
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. That one is
A) PGA.
B) PGAL.
C) glucose.
D) RuBP.
E) O2.
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
2) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A) CO2 and glucose
B) H2O and O2
C) ADP, Pi, and NADP+
D) electrons and H+
E) ATP and NADPH
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
A) oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) carbon dioxide and RuBP
C) water and carbon
D) electrons and photons
E) ATP and NADPH
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
A) stroma of the chloroplast
B) thylakoid membrane
C) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
D) chlorophyll molecule
E) outer membrane of the chloroplast
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic, what group(s) is (are) always necessary?
A) autotrophs and heterotrophs
B) producers and primary consumers
C) photosynthesizers
D) autotrophs
E) green plants
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
6) In autotrophic bacteria, where are the enzymes located that can carry on organic synthesis?
A) chloroplast membranes
B) nuclear membranes
C) free in the cytosol
D) along the outer edge of the nucleoid
E) along the inner surface of the plasma membrane
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following?
A) reducing NADP+
B) splitting the water molecules
C) chemiosmosis
D) the electron transfer system of photosystem I
E) the electron transfer system of photosystem II
Topic: Concept 10.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?
A) red and yellow
B) blue and violet
C) green and yellow
D) blue, green, and red
E) green, blue, and yellow
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
9) What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?
A) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.
B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.
C) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
D) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.
E) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) An outcome of this experiment was to help determine
A) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms.
B) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration.
C) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released.
D) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during photosynthesis.
E) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
11) If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?
A) There would be no difference in results.
B) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.
C) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.
D) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.
E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Figure 10.1
12) Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?
A) Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.
B) Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.
C) Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light.
D) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.
E) Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?
A) 420 mm
B) 475 mm
C) 575 mm
D) 625 mm
E) 730 mm
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
14)
Compared with the lines for chlorophyll a in the figure, where would you expect to find the lines to differ for chlorophyll b?
A) The absorption spectrum line would be lowest for chlorophyll b somewhat to the right of that for chlorophyll a (500—600).
B) The rate of photosynthesis line for chlorophyll b would be lowest from 600—700 nm.
C) The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely opposite.
D) The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely identical.
E) The peaks of the line for absorbance of b would be shifted to the left, and for rate of photosynthesis would be shifted to the right.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
15) In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?
A) split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll
B) harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
C) synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
D) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
E) concentrate photons within the stroma
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because
A) there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center.
B) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
C) there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast.
D) it absorbs 700 photons per microsecond.
E) the plastoquinone reflects light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A) NADP is produced.
B) NADPH is reduced to NADP+.
C) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
D) ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP.
E) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?
A) Light energy excites electrons in the electron transport chain in a photosynthetic unit.
B) The excitation is passed along to a molecule of P700 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit.
C) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP+.
D) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.
E) The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
19) Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?
A) harvesting of light energy by ATP
B) receiving electrons from plastocyanin
C) P680 reaction-center chlorophyll
D) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water
E) passing electrons to plastoquinone
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
A) to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.
B) to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
C) to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.
D) to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.
E) to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
21) What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?
A) heat and fluorescence
B) ATP and P700
C) ATP and NADPH
D) ADP and NADP
E) P700 and P680
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?
A) photosystem II
B) photosystem I
C) cyclic electron flow
D) linear electron flow
E) chlorophyll
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
23) Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
A) the splitting of water
B) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
C) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
D) the synthesis of ATP
E) the reduction of NADP+
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
24) What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
A) establishment of a proton gradient
B) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane
C) reduction of water to produce ATP energy
D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma
E) formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
25) Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen?
A) The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP.
B) The Calvin cycle will be activated.
C) Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur.
D) Only A and B will occur.
E) A, B, and C will occur.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
26) In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
A) thylakoid membrane
B) plasma membrane
C) inner mitochondrial membrane
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
A) the stroma to the photosystem II.
B) the matrix to the stroma.
C) the stroma to the thylakoid space.
D) the intermembrane space to the matrix.
E) ATP synthase to NADP+ reductase.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A) Respiration is the reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.
B) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
C) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration.
E) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
29) Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?
A) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
B) stroma of chloroplasts
C) inner membrane of mitochondria
D) matrix of mitochondria
E) cytoplasm
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
30) Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during
A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) both photosynthesis and respiration.
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
E) photorespiration.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
31) Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during
A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) both photosynthesis and respiration.
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
E) photorespiration.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
32) Reduction of NADP+ occurs during
A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) both photosynthesis and respiration.
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
E) photorespiration.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
33) The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during
A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) both photosynthesis and respiration.
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
E) photorespiration.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during
A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) both photosynthesis and respiration.
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
E) photorespiration.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
35) What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?
A) They have a direct, linear relationship.
B) They are inversely related.
C) They are logarithmically related.
D) They are separate phenomena.
E) They are only related in certain parts of the spectrum.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
36) In a protein complex for the light reaction (a reaction center), energy is transferred from pigment molecule to pigment molecule, to a special chlorophyll a molecule, and eventually to the primary electron acceptor. Why does this occur?
A) The action spectrum of that molecule is such that it is different from other molecules of chlorophyll.
B) The potential energy of the electron has to go back to the ground state.
C) The molecular environment lets it boost an electron to a higher energy level and also to transfer the electron to another molecule.
D) Each pigment molecule has to be able to act independently to excite electrons.
E) These chlorophyll a molecules are associated with higher concentrations of ATP.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
37) P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?
A) It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem.
B) It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system.
C) NADP reductase will then catalyze the shift of the electron from Fd to NADP+ to reduce it to NADPH.
D) This molecule results from the transfer of an electron to the primary electron acceptor of photosystem II and strongly attracts another electron.
E) This molecule is found far more frequently among bacteria as well as in plants and plantlike Protists.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
38) Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria) have photosystem I but not II, while others (e.g. cyanobacteria) have both PSI and PSII. Which of the following might this observation imply?
A) Photosystem II must have been selected against in some species.
B) Photosystem I must be more ancestral.
C) Photosystem II may have evolved to be more photoprotective.
D) Cyclic flow must be more primitive than linear flow of electrons.
E) Cyclic flow must be the most necessary of the two processes.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
39) Cyclic electron flow may be photoprotective (protective to light-induced damage). Which of the following experiments could provide information on this phenomenon?
A) using mutated organisms that can grow but that cannot carry out cyclic flow of electrons and compare their abilities to photosynthesize in different light intensities
B) using plants that can carry out both linear and cyclic electron flow, or only one or another of thee processes, and measuring their light absorbance
C) using bacteria that have only cyclic flow and look for their frequency of mutation damage
D) using bacteria with only cyclic flow and measuring the number and types of photosynthetic pigments they have in their membranes
E) using plants with only photosystem I operative and measure how much damage occurs at different wavelengths.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
40) Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?
A) They serve as accessory pigments.
B) They dissipate excessive light energy.
C) They cover the sensitive chromosomes of the plant.
D) They reflect orange light.
E) They take up toxins from the water.
Topic: Concept 10.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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