1. Oxygen transport in the blood:
_______% is bound to hemoglobin
_______% dissolves in plasma
2. The hemoglobin molecule is composed of ____ polypeptide chains and ____ heme groups containing iron.
What does oxygen bind to? ______________
3. After one oxygen molecule (O2) binds to hemoglobin, it is easier for the other molecules to bind to the hemoglobin. This is known as _________________________.
4. When oxygen is loaded onto hemoglobin in the lungs, hemoglobin is called _________________________, and when oxygen is unloaded from the hemoglobin at the tissues, it is called _________________________.
5. From the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, we see the following:
Lungs: Partial pressure of oxygen is ____ mmHg
Hemoglobin is ____% saturated
Tissues: Partial pressure of oxygen is ___ mmHg
Hemoglobin is ____% saturated
6. Effect of high altitude on lung PO2:
With a decrease of 20 mmHg in the lungs, will the saturation of hemoglobin decrease significantly? ______________
7. Effect of exercise on tissue PO2:
With a decrease of 20 mmHg in the tissues, will the saturation of hemoglobin decrease significantly? ______________.
How does this help the tissues? _________________________.
8. Name the other factors that alter PO2: _________________________
During exercise, would an increase () or decrease (¯) in these factors decrease PO2 hemoglobin saturation, making more O2 available to the tissues?
____ _________
____ _________
____ _________
____ _________
These factors would shift the oxygen-hemoglobin curve to the _________.
9. List the percentages for CO2 transport in the blood:
____% dissolved in plasma
____% combined with hemoglobin
____% converted to bicarbonate ions
When CO2 binds to hemoglobin, it is called _________________________.
10. CO2 transport as bicarbonate ions:
CO2 binds with water to form ______________ acid.
The catalyst for this reaction is ______________ ______________ .
The acid mentioned above then dissociates into ______________ ions and ______________ ions.
When bicarbonate ions move out of the red blood cell, ______________ ions move in.
This is known as the ______________ shift.
The reaction occurs in the opposite direction at the lungs so that CO2 can be released.
11. A decrease in hemoglobin O2 leads to an increase in CO2 loading. Said another way, O2 loading facilitates CO2 unloading. (Note: The effect is on CO2 loading and unloading.)
This is known as the ______________ effect.
12. A decrease in CO2 loading facilitates O2 unloading from hemoglobin. Said another way, CO2 loading facilitates O2 unloading. (Note: The effect is on O2 loading and unloading.)
This is known as the ______________ effect.
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