List and define the five major perspectives in modern psychology.

•   The biological perspective focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts.
•   The learning perspective is concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person’s (or a nonhuman animal’s) actions.
•   The cognitive perspective emphasizes what goes on in people’s heads—how people reason, remember, understand language, solve problems, explain experiences, acquire moral standards, and form beliefs.
•   The sociocultural perspective focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual, forces that shape every aspect of behavior.
•   The psychodynamic perspective deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy.