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New Topic  
sammarko sammarko
wrote...
9 years ago
PLEASE HELP!
Directions:...develop a scenario where the immune response is triggered. Your scenario must be very specific and include the proper terminology of the immune system as well as both the humoral and cell mediated responses and triggers. You need to discuss how the Humoral and Cell Mediated systems are activated and how they are able to communicate and work together. How is an antigen eliminated? Depth and attention to detail are what you need to earn full points on this question

I started this question and am having trouble tying in the cell mediated response and how it is activated. As well as how they work together.

Response: A child will receive the Varicella vaccine in two doses. The first dose is given between twelve to eighteen months of age, and the second dose is given between four to six years of age. The vaccine contains antigens and is injected intramuscular into the deltoid of the arm or leg. The vaccine is approximately 98% effective. Upon injection a weakened or attenuated varicella-zoster virus is administered. The virus is almost always incapable of causing a disease. However, it does trigger a response from the body’s immune system. The immune systems “structures” are a diverse array of molecules plus trillions of immune cells that inhabit lymphoid tissues and circulate in body fluids. This means that once the virus is injected the antigens stimulate B cells with help from T cells triggers the hormonal immune response to product antibodies for that antigen. The antibodies that are produced fight the virus present in the vaccine, which prepares the immune system to destroy the real stronger virus in the future.
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wrote...
9 years ago
During an active infection, various types of immune cells become activated and begin to destroy pathogens and infected host cells. These include macrophages, natural killer cells, and helper T cells. When the infection is a virus or other intracellular pathogen, a particular type of immune response, called a cell-mediated response, is activated. This type of immune response activates cytotoxic T cells, which are capable of targeting and killing infected host cells with a high degree of specificity.

When a naïve cytotoxic T cell is activated, it begins to undergo clonal expansion, which means that the cell begins dividing to produce more cells exactly like it. At the end of the clonal expansion phase, the immune system is then armed with millions of new, active cells, all of which have receptors that are specific for the pathogen invading the body. This specificity is important because without it, the killer T cells would attack healthy cells as well as infected ones.

Newly active cells begin to roam the body, migrating to the site of infection. When it encounters infected cells, a cytotoxic T cell will lock on to its target and release destructive chemicals called perforin, granulysin, and granzymes. The perforin tears tiny holes in the target cell’s membrane, allowing the other chemicals to enter. Granzymes and granulysin are enzymes that, upon entering the target cell, start a cascade of chemical reactions that eventually cause the cell to die.

Cytotoxic T cells are capable of killing tumor cells as well as infected cells. This is because tumor cells often become coated in abnormal proteins that are not produced by healthy cells. Any cytotoxic T cells with receptors that specifically recognize the abnormal proteins can become activated to destroy tumor cells, thereby helping to reduce the likelihood that cancer might develop. Some experimental cancer treatments, therefore, attempt to activate the body’s immune response to its own cancer cells, but the success rate of these types of treatments are highly variable.
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