Psychology Review 9

1. Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________________.
a) classical conditioning                                                  c) memory linkage
b) operant conditioning                                                   d) adaptation

2. The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.
a) stimulus generalization                                               c) response generalization
b) stimulus adaptation                                                     d) transfer of habit strength

3. Rescorla’s modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ______________.
a) the CS substitutes for the UCS
b) there is a biological readiness for conditioning to occur between the CS and UCS
c) the CS has to provide information about the coming of the UCS
d) reinforcement must occur by providing a pleasant event

4. A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______.
a) classical conditioning                                                  c) vicarious learning
b) operant conditioning                                                   d) cognitive learning

5. Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?
   a) a variable-ratio schedule                                               c) a fixed-interval schedule
   b) a fixed-ratio schedule                                                   d) a continuous schedule
   
6. An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a ________________.
a) stop sign
b) the stimulus that acts as a UCS in classical conditioning
c) the white rat in Watson’s Little Albert study of producing phobias
d) none of these

7. Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change ____________.
a) brain wave activity                                                   c) heart rate
b) blood pressure                                                          d) body temperature

8. College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to ______.
a) learned helplessness                                                       c) latent learning
b) contingency blocking                                                     d) response generalization

9. Observational learning theory’s foremost proponent is ______.
a) Watson                                                                      c) Skinner
b) Thorndike                                                                 d) Bandura

10. Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called _____________.
a)   the learning/performance distinction                              c) the delayed learning paradigm
b)   the innate performance preference                                 d) the observational delay effect