Hi. I need help with the following questions. Thanks.
1. The vesicle protein which normally binds calcium and triggers exocytosis is:
A. synapsin
B. synaptophysin
C. synaptotagmin
D. SNAP 25
E. ß-latrotoxin
2. Which is an example of spatial summation?
A. Summation of EPSPs produced by rapid stimulation of the same presynaptic axon terminal
B. Summation of PSPs produced by simultaneous stimulation of two presynaptic excitatory inputs
C. Two action potentials occur at the same time and summate
D. An action potential occurs at the same time as an EPSP and they summate
E. Summation of IPSPs produced by rapid stimulation of the same presynaptic axon terminal
3. What is a gap junction?
A. Synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell
B. Electrical synapse
C. Synapse between a neuron and a gland cell
D. Chemical synapse
4. Which of the following statements about synapses is INCORRECT?
A. Opening of channels selectively permeable to chloride ions can generate an IPSP
B. Closing of channels selectively permeable to sodium ions can generate an EPSP
C. Opening of channels permeable to both potassium and sodium can depolarize membrane potential towards threshold
D. Closing of potassium leak channels would increase the excitability of a neuron
5. In comparing metabotropic and ionotropic receptors which of the following is true:
A. Both metabotropic and ionotropic receptors undergo a conformational change when they bind appropriate transmitter.
B. Both metabotropic and ionotropic receptors are proteins that contain an ion channel in their structure.
C. For both metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, a conformational change leads to activation of a G protein.
D. A, B and C are all true
E. A, B and C are all false
6. Acetylcholine binding to its receptor at the neuromuscular junction moves membrane potential close to zero because:
A. opening of the acetylcholine receptor channel at resting membrane potential leads to zero current flow
B. the acetylcholine receptor is a non-selective monovalent cation channel, so membrane potential moves towards a value somewhere in between the Nernst equilibrium potentials for potassium and sodium
C. the acetylcholine receptor channel is permeable to potassium, whose equilibrium potential is close to zero
D. because it is a G-protein coupled receptor that closes leak potassium channels
7. Which of the following mediate most fast synaptic inhibition in the CNS? Choose the correct option.
A. GABA and glycine
B. Glutamate and glycine
C. GABA and glutamate
D. Glycine and glycerine
8. Chemical synapses:
A. are found only in vertebrates.
B. are less numerous than electrical synapses.
C. are found only in the CNS.
D. summate excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic produced by neurotransmitters
9. This is a list of some of the events involved in chemical synaptic transmission: 1) Diffusion of transmitter across the synaptic cleft 2) Activation of postsynaptic receptors 3) Vesicle fusion with plasma membrane 4) Opening of voltage-gated calcium channels 5) Activation of presynaptic, calcium-sensitive proteins Which of the following is the correct sequence of these events?
A. 4; 3; 1; 2; 5
B. 4; 5; 3; 1; 2
C. 5; 4; 3; 1; 2
D. 5; 4; 3; 2; 1
E. 4; 5; 1; 2; 3
10. Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning metabotropic receptors?
A. Effects are mediated by activation or inhibition of G proteins
B. Receptor protein contains an ion channel
C. Activation results in rapid, relatively short-lasting changes in membrane potential
D. Receptor is composed of 4 or 5 subunits each with four transmembrane domains
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