During oxidation of glucose, what happens when Pyruvic Acid forms Acetyl CoA?
A) NADH2 is oxidized
B) Coenzyme A bonds to pyruvic acid and becomes part of the product
C) CO2 is produced and diffuses out of the cell into the extracellular fluid compartment
D) Lactic acid is produced
E) B and C
Less ATP is produced during oxidation of glucose than originally theorized due to the cost of transporting ATP into the cytoplasm from the mitochondria?
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
During the oxidation of glucose more ATP is produced at the substrate level than by oxidative phosphorylation?
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
Blood glucose levels fall a few hours after a meal followed by an increase in blood levels of glucagon and a decrease in blood levels of insulin?
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
The BCAAs (branced chain amino acids) isoleucine, leucine and valine in skeletal muscle may be metabolized to glucose by the liver. This is a common step that occurs during?
A) Gluconeogenesis that starts to occur 3-4hours after a meal
B) Long endurance activities when glycogen stores have become depleted
C) Gluconeogenesis due to no or very low carbohydrate intake
D) All of the above
All of the following can be metabolized
DIRECTLY to form glucose
EXCEPT?
A) The carbon skeleton of specific deaminated amino acids (such as alanine)
B) Glycogen
C) fatty acids and ketones
D) Lactic Acid (or lactate)
The
carbon skeleton from a deaminated amino acid can enter metabolic pathways resulting in the synthesis of all of the following
EXCEPT?
A) Essential amino acids
B) Glucose
C) Triglycerides (Fat)
D) Glycogen
Why can't fatty acids
DIRECTLY be metabolized to form glucose?
A) Because they are hydrophobi
B) Although pyruvate can be metabolized to Acetyl CoA, Acetyl CoA cannot be metabolized to pyrivate as this step is irrevesible
C) Because all fatty acids removed from triglycerides are metabolized to glycogen
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