physioex 8.0 exercise 4 review sheet

3. The hypothalamus sends endocrine signals to/through the pituitary gland. The endocrine signal is a chemical signal sent via the bloodstream. Large hypothalamic cells send this information directly to the posterior pituitary gland and release oxytocin and vasopressin into the bloodstream. Then, smaller cells in the same area send signals just to the base of pituitary, where they empty releasing factors. These releasing factors tell the anterior pituitary to secrete any one of at least six hormones, including ACTH and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Ultimately the hypothalamus can control every endocrine gland in the body, and alter blood pressure (through vasopressin and vasoconstriction), body temperature, metabolism (through TSH), and adrenaline levels (through ACTH).

4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, or thyrotropin) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce the hormone
thyroxine, which in turn regulates development and metabolism. I believe it travels via the bloodstream.

5. Tropic hormones are hormones which have other endocrine glands as their target. Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.

Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) – stimulates the thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin) – stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) – stimulates the release of steroid hormones in gonads—the ovary and testes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – stimulates the maturation of eggs and production of sperm.
Growth hormone (GH)has both tropic and non-tropic effects. Growth hormone's major tropic effect is it releases insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from the liver which causes bone growth.

The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary by secreting a class of hypothalamic neurohormones called releasing and release-inhibiting hormones—which are released to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system and act on the anterior pituitary.

For number 5, check out this link! https://biology-forums.com/definitions/index.php/Tropic_Hormone

thank you DJ  and thank you star,this was very helpful.you are the best!