8. A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that ________.
Answer a. provides the organism with a cue for making a certain response in order to obtain reinforcement
b. leads a person to discriminate against one group of people based on ethnicity or race
c. cues the person into which schedule of reinforcement is being used in operant conditioning
d. Watson used to make Little Albert scared of all fuzzy things
9. Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?
Answer a. a variable-ratio schedule
b. a fixed-ratio schedule
c. a fixed-interval schedule
d. a continuous schedule
10. Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change ________.
Answer a. brain wave activity
b. blood pressure
c. heart rate
d. body temperature
11. Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as ________.
Answer a. an unconditioned response
b. a voluntary response
c. a conditioned response
d. a digestive reflux
12. A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a ________ reinforcer.
Answer a. positive; negative
b. primary, secondary
c. natural; artificial
d. secondary; primary
15. Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________.
Answer a. insight
b. innate learning
c. vicarious learning
d. latent learning