Chapter 1: Introduction: Matter and Measurement (Chemistry, Brown 10e)

41)  The volume of a regular cylinder is  .  Using the value 3.1416 for the constant ?, the volume   of a cylinder of radius 2.34 cm and height 19.91 cm expressed to the correct number of significant figures is __________.
A) 342.49471
B) 342.495
C) 342.49
D) 343
E) 342
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

42)  There are __________ significant figures in the answer to the following computation:

   
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

43)  There should be __________ significant figures in the answer to the following computation.

   
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

44)  __________ significant figures should be retained in the result of the following calculation.

   
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5
 
45)  The output of a plant is 4335 pounds of ball bearings per week (five days).  If each ball bearing
weighs 0.0113 g, how many ball bearings does the plant make in a single day? (Indicate the number in proper scientific notation with the appropriate number of significant figures.)
A) 
B) 
C) 867
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

46)  The density of mercury is 13.6 .  The density of mercury is __________ .
A) 
B)   
C) 
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

47)  The quantity 1.0  is the same as 1.0 × __________ .
A)
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

48)  The quantity __________ m is the same as 3 km.
A) 3000
B) 300
C) 0.003
D) 0.03
E) 30
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

49)  There are __________ ng in a pg.
A) 0.001
B) 1000
C) 0.01
D) 100
E) 10
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6
 
50)  One edge of a cube is measured and found to be 13 cm.  The volume of the cube in   is __________.
A) 
B) 
C) 2.2
D) 
E
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

51)  The density of lead is 11.4 .  The mass of a lead ball with a radius of 0.50 mm
is __________ g. 
A) 6.0
B)   
C) 
D) 
E) 4.6
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

Multiple-Choice

52)  In the following list, only __________ is not an example of matter.
A) planets
B) light
C) dust
D) elemental phosphorus
E) table salt
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.1

53)  What is the physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume?
A) gas
B) solid
C) liquid
D) salts
E) ice
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

54)  The law of constant composition applies to __________.
A) solutions
B) heterogeneous mixtures
C) compounds
D) homogeneous mixtures
E) solids
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2
 
55)  A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a __________.
A) homogeneous mixture
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) compound
D) pure substance
E) solid
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

56)  Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched?
A) P, potassium
B) C, copper
C) Mg, manganese
D) Ag, silver
E) Sn, silicon
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

57)  Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched?
A) S, sodium
B) Tn, tin
C) Fe, iron
D) N, neon
E) B, bromine
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

58)  Which one of the following elements has a symbol that is not derived from its foreign name?
A) tin
B) aluminum
C) mercury
D) copper
E) lead
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

59)  Which one of the following is a pure substance?
A) concrete
B) wood
C) salt water
D) elemental copper
E) milk
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

60)  Which one of the following is often easily separated into its components by simple techniques such as filtering or decanting?
A) heterogeneous mixture
B) compounds
C) homogeneous mixture
D) elements
E) solutions
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2
 
61)  Which states of matter are significantly compressible?
A) gases only
B) liquids only
C) solids only
D) liquids and gases
E) solids and liquids
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

62)  For which of the following can the composition vary?
A) pure substance
B) element
C) both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
D) homogeneous mixture
E) heterogeneous mixture
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

63)  If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical
means, it is __________.
A) a compound
B) either an element or a compound
C) a homogeneous mixture
D) a heterogeneous mixture
E) an element
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

64)  An element cannot __________.
A) be part of a heterogeneous mixture
B) be part of a homogeneous mixture
C) be separated into other substances by chemical means
D) interact with other elements to form compounds
E) be a pure substance
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

65)  Homogeneous mixtures are also known as __________.
A) solids
B) compounds
C) elements
D) substances
E) solutions
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

66)  The law of constant composition says __________.
A) that the composition of a compound is always the same
B) that all substances have the same composition
C) that the composition of an element is always the same
D) that the composition of a homogeneous mixture is always the same
E) that the composition of a heterogeneous mixture is always the same
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2
 
67)  Which of the following is an illustration of the law of constant composition?
A) Water boils at 100°C at 1 atm pressure.
B) Water is 11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen by mass.
C) Water can be separated into other substances by a chemical process.
D) Water and salt have different boiling points.
E) Water is a compound.
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

68)  In the following list, only __________ is not an example of a chemical reaction.
A) dissolution of a penny in nitric acid
B) the condensation of water vapor
C) a burning candle
D) the formation of polyethylene from ethylene
E) the rusting of iron
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

69)  Gases and liquids share the property of __________.
A) compressibility
B) definite volume
C) incompressibility
D) indefinite shape
E) definite shape
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

70)  Of the following, only __________ is a chemical reaction.
A) melting of lead
B) dissolving sugar in water
C) tarnishing of silver
D) crushing of stone
E) dropping a penny into a glass of water
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

71)  Which one of the following is not an intensive property?
A) density
B) temperature
C) melting point
D) mass
E) boiling point
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

72)  Which one of the following is an intensive property?
A) mass
B) temperature
C) heat content
D) volume
E) amount
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3
 
73)  Of the following, only __________ is an extensive property.
A) density
B) mass
C) boiling point
D) freezing point
E) temperature
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

74)  Which of the following are chemical processes?
   1.  rusting of a nail
   2.  freezing of water
   3.  decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases
   4.  compression of oxygen gas
A) 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 3
D) 1, 2
E) 1, 4
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

75)  Of the following, __________ is the smallest mass.
A) 25 kg
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

76)  Which one of the following is the highest temperature?
A) 38°C
B) 96°F
C) 302 K
D) none of the above
E) the freezing point of water
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

77)  Which one of the following is true about the liter?
A) It is the SI base unit for volume.
B) It is equivalent to a cubic decimeter.
C) It is slightly smaller than a quart.
D) It contains   cubic centimeters.
E) It is slightly smaller than a gallon.
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4
 
78)  Of the objects below, __________ is the most dense.
A) an object with a volume of 2.5 L and a mass of 12.5 kg
B) an object with a volume of 139 mL and a mass of 93 g
C) an object with a volume of 0.00212  and a mass of 
D) an object with a volume of   and a mass of 
E) an object with a volume of   and a mass of 
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

79)  Which calculation clearly shows a conversion between temperatures in degrees Celsius, t(°C), and temperature in Kelvins, T(K)?
A) T(K) = t(°C) + 273
B) T(K) = 273 - t(°C)
C) T(K) = [t(°C) - 32] / 1.8
D) T(K) = [t(°C) + 32] × 1.8
E) T(K) = t(°C)
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

80)  Express the temperature, 422.35 K, in degrees Celsius.
A) 792.23°C
B) 149.20°C
C) 695.50°C
D) 50.89°C
E) 22.78°C
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

81)  Which of the following liquids has the greatest density?
A)   with a mass of 23 g
B)   with a mass of 10 g
C)   with a mass of 0.10 g
D)   with a mass of 45 g
E)   with a mass of 12 g
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

82)  You have to calculate the mass of a 30.0 mL liquid sample with density of 1.52 g/mL, but you have forgotten the formula. Which way of reasoning would help you in finding the correct mass?
A) If 1 mL of a liquid has the mass of 1.52 g, then 30.0 mL has the mass of _____ g.
B) If 1.52 mL of a liquid has the mass of 1 g, then 30.0 mL has the mass of _____ g.
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

83)  You have to calculate the volume of a gas sample with mass of   and density of 1.027 g/L , but you have forgotten the formula. Which way of reasoning would help you in finding the correct mass?
A) If 1.027 g of a gas takes up a volume of 1 L, then   of the same gas takes up a volume of _____.
B) If 1.027 L of gas has a mass of 1 g, then _____ L has the mass of  .
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4
 
84)  Osmium has a density of 22.6 .  What volume (in ) would be occupied by a 21.8 g sample of osmium?
A) 0.965
B) 1.04
C) 493
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

85)  A cube of an unknown metal measures 1.61 mm on one side.  The mass of the cube is 36 mg.  Which of the following is most likely the unknown metal?

   
 
A) copper
B) rhodium
C) niobium
D) vanadium
E) zirconium
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

86)  Precision refers to __________.
A) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
B) how close a measured number is to the true value
C) how close a measured number is to the calculated value
D) how close a measured number is to zero
E) how close a measured number is to infinity
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

87)  Accuracy refers to __________.
A) how close a measured number is to zero
B) how close a measured number is to the calculated value
C) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
D) how close a measured number is to the true value
E) how close a measured number is to infinity
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4
 
88)  Which of the following has the same number of significant figures as the number 1.00310?
A) 
B) 199.791
C) 8.66
D) 5.119
E) 100
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

89)  A wooden object has a mass of 10.782 g and occupies a volume of 13.72 mL. What is the density of the object determined to an appropriate number of significant figures?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4, 1.5

90)  Acceleration due to gravity of a free-falling object is 9.8 .  Express this in millimeters/millisecond2.
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

91)  If an object is accelerating at a rate of 25 , how long (in seconds) will it take to reach a speed of 550 m/s? (Assume an initial velocity of zero.)
A) 22
B) 
C) 0.045
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

92)  If an object is accelerating at a rate of 25 , how fast will it be moving (in m/s) after 1.50 min? (Assume an initial velocity of zero.)
A) 17
B) 3.6
C) 38
D) 
E) 0.060
Answer: 
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4
 
93)  Expressing a number in scientific notation __________.
A) changes its value
B) removes ambiguity as to the significant figures
C) removes significant zeros
D) allows to increase the number's precision
E) all of the above
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

94)  The number with the most significant zeros is __________.
A) 0.00002510
B) 0.02500001
C) 250000001
D) 
E) 2.5100000
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

95)  How many significant figures should be retained in the result of the following calculation?

   12.00000 × 0.9893 + 13.00335 × 0.0107

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

96)  In which one of the following numbers are all of the zeros significant?
A) 100.090090
B) 0.143290
C) 0.05843
D) 0.1000
E) 00.0030020
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

97)  Round the number 0.007222 to three significant figures.
A) 0.007
B) 0.00722
C) 0.0072
D) 0.00723
E) 0.007225
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

98)  Round the number 0.08535 to two significant figures.
A) 0.09
B) 0.086
C) 0.0854
D) 0.085
E) 0.08535
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5
 
99)  Which of the following is the same as 0.001 cm?
A) 0.01 mm
B) 0.01 dm
C) 0.01 m
D) 100 mm
E) 1 mm
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

100)  One angstrom, symbolized Å, is 10-10m. 1  = __________ Å3.
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

SHORT ANSWER.

1)  Gases do not have a fixed __________ as they are able to be __________.
Answer: volume, compressed
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

2)  The symbol for the element phosphorous is __________.
Answer: P
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

3)  Sn is the symbol for the element __________.
Answer: Tin
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

4)  Mass and volume are often referred to as __________ properties of substances.
Answer: extensive
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.3

5)  1 milligram = __________ micrograms
Answer: 1,000
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

6)   __________ mL
Answer: 0.1035
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

TRUE/FALSE. 
1)  Water is considered to be a diatomic molecule because it is composed of two different atoms.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.2

2)  3.2  = 0.0032 L
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

3)  There are 6 significant figures in the number 0.003702
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

4)  A scientific theory is a concise statement or an equation that summarizes a broad variety of observations.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

5)  Temperature is a physical property that determines the direction of heat flow.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

Algorithmic Questions

1)  What decimal power does the abbreviation f represent?
A) 1 × 106 
B) 1 × 103 
C) 1 × 10-1 
D) 1 × 10-15 
E) 1 × 10-12 
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

2)  What decimal power does the abbreviation Milli represent?
A) 1 × 103 
B) 1 × 106 
C) 1 × 109 
D) 1 × 10-3 
E) 1 × 10-6 
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

3)  How many significant figures are in the measurement 5.34 g?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
E) 5
Answer: 
Diff: 1    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

4)  The width, length, and height of a large, custom-made shipping crate are 1.22 m, 3.22 m, and 0.83 m, respectively. The volume of the box using the correct number of significant figures is __________  .
A) 3.26057
B) 3.3
C) 3.26
D) 3.261
E) 3.2606
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5
 
5)  The estimated costs for remodelling the interior of an apartment are: three 1-gallon cans of paint
at $13.22 each (including tax), two paint brushes at $9.53 each (including tax), and $135 for a helper. The total estimated cost with the appropriate significant figures is $________.
A) 193.72
B) 
C) 194
D) 
E) 193.7
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

6)  Round the following number to four significant figures and express the result in standard exponential notation:    229.613
A) 0.2296 × 103 
B) 229.6
C) 2.296 × 10-2 
D) 2.296 × 102 
E) 22.96 × 10-1 
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.5

7)  How many liters of wine can be held in a wine barrel whose capacity is 26.0 gal? 1 gal = 4 qt = 3.7854 L.
A) 
B) 0.146
C) 98.4
D) 
E) 6.87
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

8)  The recommended adult dose of Elixophyllin , a drug used to treat asthma, is 6.0 mg/kg of body mass. Calculate the dose in milligrams for a 115-lb person. 1 lb = 453.59 g.
A) 24
B) 1,521
C) 1.5
D) 313
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

9)  The density of air under ordinary conditions at 25°C is 1.19 g/L. How many kilograms of air is in a room that measures 11.0 ft × 11.0 ft and has an 10.0 ft ceiling? 1 in. = 2.54 cm. (exactly); 
A) 3.66
B) 0.152
C) 
D) 0.0962
E) 40.8
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6
 
10)  How many liters of air are in a room that measures 10.0 ft × 11.0 ft and has an 8.00 ft ceiling?
1 in. = 2.54 cm (exactly); 
A) 
B) 92.8
C) 26.8
D) 
E) 
Answer: 
Diff: 3    Page Ref:Sec. 1.6

11)  What is the volume (in cm3) of a 63.4 g piece of metal with a density of 12.86 g/cm3?
A) 4.93
B) 19.5
C) .425
D) 6.65
E) none of the above
Answer: 
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

12)  The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is __________.

   11.5 × 8.78 = __________
 
Answer: 101
Diff: 2    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

13)  The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is __________.

   (1815 - 1806) × (9.11 × 7.92) = __________
 
Answer: 600
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec. 1.4

14)  38.325 lbs = __________ grams.
Answer: 17400
Diff: 4    Page Ref:Sec 1.4, 1.5