Transcript
PHB-110 MID-TERM WRITTEN EXAM STUDY GUIDE – Fall 2017
KEY TOPICS/TERMS
HISTORY - Most significant contribution to phlebotomy procedures:
development of vacutainer tube
PROFESSIONALISM
Professionalism AND Ethics
Patient’s rights to refuse phlebotomy procedures
HIPAA
Informed consent - Implied consent
Positive body language vs. Negative body language
SAFETY and INFECTION CONTROL
Using a fire extinguisher
OSHA, CAP, TJC, CDC, CLIA, NFPA
Safety hazard signs
MSDS
Radiation safety
Antiseptic vs disinfectant
Splash in the eye?
Nosocomial infection - HAI
Components of chain of infection: Text 62-64
category specific isolation, color of signs
What is an example of airborne contamination
body substance isolation, type/color of signs
standard precautions
antiseptics
agencies: CDC, OSHA
What does seroconversion mean?
What are examples of PPE?
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Difference between homeostasis vs hemostasis
body systems: functions, organs, tests to diagnose
What is serum? What is plasma? What is whole blood?
Know main veins, arteries, nerves (text 156-159 or lecture)
blood cells: granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils); agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)
heart: chambers, valves, vessels, flow; electrical system
blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
coagulation components: blood vessels, platelets (thrombocytes), coagulation factors (Hemostatic process text page 169)
basal state
diurnal variation
BLOOD COLLECTION EQUIPMENT
Non-evacuated, open system (e.g. syringe)
Needleless Blood Transfer Device – when to use
Evacuated, closed system (e.g. vacutainer)
When to use a butterfly
When to use a discard tube
Know tubes: stopper color, additives
order of draw
needles: length, gauge
labeling information
drawing from arm with IV
difference between veins, arteries, tendons
Most important step in specimen collection – Pt Identification
SKIN PUNCTURE
skin puncture equipment: lancet. Capillary tube, Microtainer
calcaneus
plantar surface/palmar surface
osteomyelitis vs osteochondritis
capillary specimen – mixture
heel warmer – arterialized specimen
how to hold lancet to skin
number of times to stick patient
volume of blood can be safely drawn
puncture depth for various patients
order of draw for skin puncture specimens
band-aids for infants and children under 2y/o
wipe away first drop of blood (tissue juices)
VENIPUNCTURE
Fasting or Medication?
palpate
reflux
hematoma
hemolysis
syncope
sclerosed
thrombosed
lymphostasis
VAD
hemoconcentration
tourniquet application: where, how long
vessels: median antecubital, cephalic, basilic
others: brachial artery, median nerve
issues: mastectomy, edema, hematoma, obesity, damaged veins, IVs
site prep
acceptable number of times to draw patient
anchoring vein
needle: bevel up, angle
order of draw
mixing the tube(s)
releasing the tourniquet
labeling information
post-phlebotomy care
BLOOD SMEARS
acceptable smear -- what is a feathered edge?
interferences: pt’s hgb values (<7 and >18gm/dL)
angle of spread?
Wright’s stain (polychromatophilic)
Differential/ Morphology review
Marlaria: thick and thin
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
Tests that need to be shielded from light –Text 389
Tests that need to be chilled at collection
Tests that need to be kept warm at collection in pre-warmed tube
GTT: purpose, pt prep, fasting level, glucose load, test timing, # of specimens collected, site of draw
Cold agglutinins, Cryoglogulins: purpose, tube/prep, transport
DIC: FDP, D-dimer, Fibrinogen, Factors, discard tube?
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is used by physicians to???
What are Peak, Trough, Random
HEALTH CARE SETTING
medical disciplines
non-medical units (e.g. radiology, nuclear med., etc.)
non-lab personnel
patient issues (e.g. refusal, pt not in room, pt safety considerations)
draw list on floor
Lab personnel: all positions
lab departments: functions, tests, tubes used
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