Lab report questions

Lab Report 1: Introduction To Science Part 1: Data Interpretation (40 Points) © 2013 eScience Labs, LLC. All rights reserved. Instructions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences using correct grammar, spelling, and terminology. Include your graph in question 7. Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below. Table 4: Water Quality vs. Fish Population Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of Fish Observed 0 1 3 10 12 13 15 10 12 13 Questions 1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4? 2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water. 3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? 4. What would be the independent and dependent variables? 5. What would be your control? 6. What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set? Why? 7. Graph the data from the table 4: Water Quality vs. Fish Population (found at the beginning of this exercise). 8. Interpret the data from the graph made in Question 7. Part 2: Clincal Calculations (50 points) Instructions: Use your knowledge of chemistry, textbook, and lab manual to answer the following questions. Show your work for calculations. Answers should include units and use appropriate significant figures. NOTE: In order to prevent medication errors in the clinical setting, a placeholder zero is always used before a decimal (0.5 mg NOT .5 mg) but not after a decimal (5 mg NOT 5.0 mg). Case 1. You are performing an assessment of a 26-year-old male patient. You measure his height to be 5’11” and his weight to be 186 pounds. What is the patient’s Body Mass Index (BMI)? 1. What is the patient’s height in centimeters? 2. What is the patient’s weight in kilograms? 3. What is the patient’s BMI? (BMI = kg / m2) Case 2. According to Saladin (7th ed.), the oral body temperature may rise as high as 40 oC during hard exercise (p. 1019). 1. What is this temperature in oF? 2. What is the typical oral body temperature range in oF? 3. Convert this range into oC. Case 3. In the United States, blood glucose concentration is expressed in mg/dL. However, the international standard is to report blood glucose in mmol/L. You are checking your patient’s blood glucose level and your finger-stick glucose meter (glucometer) is stuck on the mmol/L setting. It displays a value of 3.4 mmol/L. Is this value within the typical range for blood glucose? 1. Convert 3.4 mmol/L to mol/L. 2. What is the molecular weight of glucose? Complete the following table. Round atomic mass to the nearest whole number. Element Symbol Atomic Mass (amu) X # of Atoms in a Glucose Molecule = Total Mass (amu) C X 6 = Hydrogen X 12 = 12 16 X = Total 3. What is the mass of one mole of glucose? 4. How many milligrams are in one gram? 5. How many deciliters are in one liter? 6. What is the patient’s blood glucose concentration in mg/dL? 7. What is the typical range for glucose in the blood (in mg/dL)? 8. Is the patient’s blood glucose reading within the typical range? Case 4. In an emergency, an adult with low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can be treated with an injectable solution of 50% dextrose (w/v) in water. A preloaded syringe contains 50 mL of the dextrose solution. 1. What does (w/v) mean? 2. How many grams of dextrose are in the syringe? 3. What is the concentration of the dextrose solution, expressed in mg/mL? 4. If 40 mL of the dextrose solution are administered to the patient, how many grams of dextrose did they receive? Case 5. A flexible 1 L “bag” of intravenous saline solution is more accurately described as 0.9% sodium chloride (w/v) in water. 1. How many grams of sodium chloride are in the 1 L bag? 2. What is the molarity of the sodium chloride solution, expressed in mmol/L? 3. What is the osmolarity of the sodium chloride solution, expressed in mOsm/L? 4. According to Saladin (7th ed.), the osmolarity of blood ranges from 280 to 296 mOsm/L (p. 675). Based on your calculations, does the sodium chloride solution have an osmolarity similar to blood? 5. How many milliequivalents (mEq) of Na+ are contained in the 1 L of sodium chloride solution? How many mEq of Cl-? Part 3: Anatomy of the Head (10 points) 1. List the bones of the skull that make up the orbit. 2. List the posterior openings into the orbit.