Transcript
NAME:
CLASSICAL OR OPERANT CONDITIONING?
In each of the following descriptions of learning situations, you are asked to identify whether classical of operant conditioning applies. Further, you are asked to determine what learning principle(s) seem relevant.
Instructions
If you decide the situation seems to be an example of classical conditioning, you should label the UCS (Unconditioned stimulus), UCR (Unconditioned response), CS (Conditioned stimulus), and CR (conditioned response).
If you decide the situation seems to be an example of operant conditioning, you should decide which of the following principles best fits:
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Scene 1
A very bright (mildly painful) light is turned on a rat. The rat has learned that he can turn off the light by pressing a lever on the other side of his cage. As soon as the light comes on, the rat runs across the cage and presses the lever.
Operant. Negative Reinforcement
Scene 2
When a mother strokes the infant’s skin, the stroking creates a pleasure in the baby. After this goes on for many days, the baby begins to show pleasure in responses simply at the sight of the mother (before even being touched).
Classical. US=stroking. UR=pleasure. CS=sight of mom. CR=pleasure
Scene 3
A patient in a mental hospital is very disruptive at mealtimes. She grabs food from the plates of those sitting near her and tries to cram the food in her mouth. Because this behavior of stealing food is very undesirable, a plan is developed whereby every time the patient steals food from other plates, she is immediately taken to a room without food.
Operant. Negative Punishment
Scene 4
Johnny has gotten into a habit of yelling “Bye, Mom” and then slamming the door very loudly in his hurry to leave for school in the morning. The door slam causes his mother to flinch. After several days of procedure, Johnny’s mother begins to flinch at the sound of her son’s word, “Bye, Mom.”
Classical. US=slam door. UR=flinch. CS= “Bye mom” CR=flinch
Scene 5
Imagine you have a friend who keeps the temperature in her home so high that each occasion in which you visit her, you find yourself perspiring. The last time you visited her, you noticed that you began to perspire and became uncomfortable as soon as you saw her house (before you even got inside).
Classical. US=increase temperature. UR=perspiring. CS=sight of house. CR=perspiring
Scene 6
Mr. And Mrs. Jones are having a heated argument that both are finding very unpleasant. Mr. Jones gets up and leaves the room, closing the door behind him. This has the effect of terminating the argument. From then on, every time Mrs. Jones raises her voice, Mr. Jones leaves the room.
Operant. Negative Reinforcement. Or Classical. US=argument. UR=leaving. CS=Raise voice. CR=leaves
Scene 7
A husband who usually ignores his wife still likes to think of himself as an understanding man. So, whenever his wife complains that her heart condition (which has no medical cause) is giving her pain, he becomes attentive and tries to comfort her. This responsiveness doesn’t seem to help much; her reports of hearth trouble just increase.
Operant. Positive Reinforcement
8) Robert gets a ticket for driving under the influence that results in a $500 fine and suspension of his driving license.
Operant. Negative Punsihment
9) Chris is bitten by the neighbor's German Shepherd. Now whenever she sees a dog in the neighborhood, she becomes afraid and runs away. She still enjoys petting her own family's cocker spaniel. Is this an example of stimulus generalization? Stimulus discrimination?
Classical. US=dog bite. UR=fear. CS=all dogs. CR=fear. Stimulus discrimination
10) Jacob's date was wearing a very alluring cologne on their recent date. The date itself was quite passionate. The following day when Jacob gets into his car he smells the lingering scent of his date's cologne and becomes transfixed with joy.
Classical. US=passion. UR=joy. CS=cologne. CR=joy
11) Martin has a panic attack during a plane ride. Now the mere thought of an airplane makes him very nervous. Twenty years pass and Martin is still afraid of airplanes even though he never took another flight.
Classical. US=plane ride. UR=panic attack. CS=thought of plane. CR=panic attack
12) Shelly is in the grocery store with her dad. As they near the checkout lane, Shelly starts whining for a candy bar but her dad says no. Shelly begins to cry and cries louder when her dad continues to refuse. At the checkout lane, in front of the cashier, Shelly throws herself onto the floor and begins screaming. Her dad responds by grabbing a candy bar and giving it to her. She quickly quiets down and eats her candy bar. This exchange gets repeated on subsequent trips to the grocery store.
Operant. Positive Reinforcement
13) Your bright cat has learned that your presence in the kitchen is associated with food. Your cat has also learned that he can encourage your presence in the kitchen on Saturday mornings by standing on your chest and meowing (when you are obviously trying to sleep). You decide to get up and feed the cat to shut it up, but the problem only gets worse on subsequent weekends.
Operant. Positive Reinforcement. Also Classical-kitchen=food.
14) You throw a wild party at which you consume too much alcohol. You become very sick and spend a few hours vomiting. The next morning while cleaning up the mess, you get a whiff of the vodka and orange juice that were still sitting out in the kitchen. You immediately become nauseated and run to the bathroom to vomit some more.
Classical. US=too much alcohol. UR=nausea. CS=smell of alcohol. CR=nausea
