HSC 340 Quizzes

Instructions Question 1 2 out of 2 points Changing the legal limit for a DUI arrest would be consistent with which theoretical level of intervention? Selected Answer: Community Answers: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Regional Question 2 2 out of 2 points Theories at the ___________level focus on the assumption that other people in our lives affect our health decisions and thus, our health behavior. Selected Answer: Interpersonal Answers: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Societal Question 3 2 out of 2 points A theoretical concept is: Selected Answer: the idea upon which the theory is based Answers: the idea upon which the theory is based the means by which a theory is measured the way in which the theory is applied the outcome of the theory in practice Question 4 2 out of 2 points Theories that explain behavior at the intrapersonal level would focus on factors such as: Selected Answer: Gender and beliefs Answers: Relationships and expectations Societal expectations and cultural norms Public policies and laws Gender and beliefs Question 5 2 out of 2 points Theories are used as the basis for public health programs or interventions because they provide: Selected Answer: a possible explanation for health behavior. Answers: the reason why the health problems exist. a possible explanation for health behavior. the basis for funding decisions. answers as to disease causality Question 6 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is consistent with a model Selected Answer: A composite of concepts from any number of different theories. Answers: A specific theoretical concept that is used in a specific setting for a given population. Several related constructs from one theory A composite of concepts from any number of different theories. An example of how a theory can be applied to address a particular health issue. Question 7 0 out of 2 points Which of the following best summarizes a theory's concept? Selected Answer: It is the way in which the theory is used Answers: It is the way in which the theory is used It is the foundation or idea underlying the theory It is the outcome expected from using the theory It is the operationalization of the constructs Question 8 2 out of 2 points When using community level theories, behavior change is predicated on: Selected Answer: Changing factors within social systems Answers: Changing factors within social systems Formal education of large groups of people Assessing the knowledge level of the population Understanding the communityâ s unique cultural composition. Question 9 2 out of 2 points Theories Selected Answer: come from a need to solve a problem. Answers: come from a need to solve a problem. are tested and become laws. cannot be changed once developed. determine cause and effect. Question 10 2 out of 2 points If you wanted to use a theory that focused on factors such as knowledge and attitudes, which type would be most appropriate? Selected Answer: Intrapersonal Answers: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Societal Instructions Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following would be most consistent with the use of mastery experiences in Self-Efficacy Theory as the basis for an HIV risk reduction program? Selected Answer: Demonstrating proper application of a condom using anatomical models and providing opportunity for practice Answers: Showing a video about the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus. Providing educational materials on the pathophysiology of HIV infection Having guest speakers with HIV discuss how the infection has changed their lives. Demonstrating proper application of a condom using anatomical models and providing opportunity for practice Question 2 1 out of 1 points Self-efficacy is increased through vicarious learning if: Selected Answer: the person being observed is like the observer. Answers: the person being observed is like the observer. the behavior is easier to demonstrate than to explain in words. there is opportunity for practice what is observed. there is a relationship between the observer and the observed. Question 3 1 out of 1 points Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on past success engaging in a similar behavior? Selected Answer: C. Mastery Experiences Answers: Verbal persuasion Somatic and Emotional States C. Mastery Experiences Vicarious Experiences Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which construct of Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on how we feel when we think about engaging in a particular behavior. Selected Answer: Somatic and emotional states Answers: Verbal persuasion Somatic and emotional states Mastery experiences Vicarious experiences Question 5 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is true of the construct of mastery experiences in the Self-Efficacy theory? Selected Answer: It is based on people learning from others who are masters at the new behavior. Answers: It is the most effective means by which to increase self-efficacy. It enable people to keep trying to learn something new even after repeated failures. It is based on people learning from others who are masters at the new behavior. It requires an evaluation by others as to the extent of mastery. Question 6 1 out of 1 points According to the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of somatic and emotional states, self-efficacy is affected when: Selected Answer: thought of the behavior causes anxiety or fear. Answers: important others are supportive of the behavior change. there is a belief that one will succeed. intention to perform the behavior changes due to illness. thought of the behavior causes anxiety or fear. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Which of the following exercise programs for older adults at a local gym best demonstrates the use of the construct of vicarious learning in the Self-efficacy theory? Selected Answer: The exercise sessions are taught by a personal trainer from the gym. Answers: The exercise sessions are taught by a personal trainer from the gym. A cartoon video is used to demonstrate the exercises. The granddaughter of one of the program participants runs the sessions. An older adult member of gym guides the others through the exercises. Question 8 1 out of 1 points Of the following, which best demonstrates the use of the Self-Efficacy construct of verbal persuasion? Selected Answer: Encouraging parents to commend their children for choosing fruit over chips as an after school snack. Answers: Instructing teachers warn children they are not permitted to bring cookies to school for dessert. Having pediatricians inform parents about healthy snack foods for their children. Encouraging parents to commend their children for choosing fruit over chips as an after school snack. Using role models to tell students about the benefits of eating healthier foods. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on observing the success or failure of others who are similar to us? Selected Answer: Vicarious Experiences Answers: Verbal persuasion Somatic and Emotional States Mastery Experiences Vicarious Experiences Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which of the following best summarizes the concept of the Self-Efficacy Theory? Selected Answer: People will only try things they think they can do. Answers: People will try anything they havenâ t done before. People will only try things they think they can do. People will not do anything they canâ t do perfectly. People will repeat something new until they get it right. Question 11 1 out of 1 points According to the construct of mastery experiences in Self-efficacy Theory, attempting new behavior is more likely if: Selected Answer: the new behavior is similar to something already done well. Answers: observational opportunities of the new behavior are available. an expert on the behavior provides guidance. the new behavior is similar to something already done well. rewards are given. Question 12 0 out of 1 points Which of the following best illustrates the use of Self-Efficacy Theory to increase fruit and vegetable intake in XYZ community. Selected Answer: Send a brochure to community residents with information about how many daily servings of fruit and vegetables they need each so they can make the changes. Answers: Replace junk food in the school vending machines with fruits and vegetables so students only have healthy snacks to choose from. Hold vegetarian cooking classes at a local restaurant so residents can practice preparing new foods. Send a brochure to community residents with information about how many daily servings of fruit and vegetables they need each so they can make the changes. Implement a community garden so the residents can grow their own fruits and vegetables. ? Question 1 1 out of 1 points According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, behavior is affected by volitional control because it: Selected Answer: affects intention to engage in a behavior. Answers: impacts self-efficacy. affects intention to engage in a behavior. reflects belief in onesâ ability to avoid illness. is under the influence of subjective norms. ? Question 2 1 out of 1 points According to the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, one way to change behavior would be to: Selected Answer: alter intention. Answers: strengthen self-efficacy. increase awareness of health issue. alter intention. improve networks. ? Question 3 1 out of 1 points Adolescents are more likely to resist smoking if they think their parents would be disappointed with them if they smoked. Using this as the basis, which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use in developing a smoking prevention intervention ? Selected Answer: Theory of Reasoned Action Answers: Theory of Reasoned Action Social Capital Social Cognitive Theory Health Belief Model ? Question 4 1 out of 1 points Subjective norms are useful in explaining behavior because they reflect: Selected Answer: Personal perception of behaviors perceived as expected by others. Answers: Attitudes and beliefs toward the behavior Personal perception of behaviors perceived as expected by others. The extent of control over normal behaviors. Societal expectations of those in the community. ? Question 5 2 out of 2 points The Theory of Reasoned Action explains behavior based on: Selected Answer: Intrapersonal factors Answers: Intrapersonal factors Environmental factors Educational factors Social factors ? Question 6 1 out of 1 points The Theory of Reasoned Action would be appropriate to use as the basis of a program aimed at: Selected Answer: changing intention. Answers: modifying threat. increasing critical thinking. changing intention. decreasing external locus of control. ? Question 7 2 out of 2 points ____________ is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on our ability to do something at will? Selected Answer: volitional control Answers: vocational control volitional control voluminous control vicarious control ? Question 8 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on what we think others expect of us? Selected Answer: subjective norms Answers: societal marketing subjective norms social capital subjected justice ? Question 9 0 out of 2 points Which of the following reflects the construct of volitional control in the Theory of Reasoned Action? Selected Answer: having a partner practice safer sex Answers: regular use of sunscreen having a partner practice safer sex avoiding foodborne illness participating in a clinical drug trial ? Question 10 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on a series of beliefs? Selected Answer: attitude toward the behavior Answers: attitude toward the behavior aptitude to understand the behavior association between action and change Approach ? Question 1 1 out of 1 points According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following demonstrates a cue to action? Selected Answer: Placing an article in the local paper about influenza vaccination. Answers: Placing an article in the local paper about influenza vaccination. Having people in a smoking cessation program identify a quit date. Asking students to choose the type of game they want to play in a physical education class. Serving low sodium food at a senior center. ? Question 2 1 out of 1 points The Health Belief Model was first developed in response to: Selected Answer: the need to understand why people were not accessing free screenings. Answers: the HIV/AIDS epidemic. an increase in cultural diversity in urban areas. the need to understand why people were not accessing free screenings. the lack of comprehensive model to explain behavior. ? Question 3 1 out of 1 points The Health Belief construct of perceived seriousness is best explained by which of the following? Selected Answer: An individualâ s own opinion of the detrimental effects of a disease Answers: The medical definition of the cause and effects of the illness. An individualâ s own opinion of the detrimental effects of a disease Societal beliefs of the extent of disease seriousness. Subjective norms attitudes toward the extent of disability caused by the disease.. ? Question 4 1 out of 1 points The construct of perceived barriers refers to: Selected Answer: the things a person sees as impediments to change. Answers: a personâ s lack of comprehension about the seriousness of a health problem. beliefs related to the financial obligations of adopting a new behavior. the things a person sees as impediments to change. any rule or regulation that may interfere with changing behavior. ? Question 5 0 out of 1 points The perception of threat in the Health Belief Model refers to: Selected Answer: the individual belief of the outcome of contracting a particular illness. Answers: the likelihood of contracting a fatal illness. the perception of disease seriousness in combination with susceptibility. the degree to which a person is afraid of a disease. the individual belief of the outcome of contracting a particular illness. ? Question 6 1 out of 1 points The underlying concept of the Health Belief Model explains that behavior results from: Selected Answer: individual beliefs and perceptions. Answers: intention to engage in the behavior as a result of beliefs. the relationship between the environment, societal beliefs and the person. a series of stages and processes. individual beliefs and perceptions. ? Question 7 1 out of 1 points Which of the following theories would be most appropriate to base an intervention on that aims to increase participation in testicular cancer screening among high school students in an effort to combat the idea that cancer is an â old personâ s diseaseâ . Selected Answer: Health Belief Model Answers: Health Belief Model Attribution Theory Theory of Reasoned Action Self-Efficacy Theory ? Question 8 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is true of the Health Belief Model? Selected Answer: It is the most commonly used theory in health education and promotion. Answers: It is the most commonly used theory in health education and promotion. It was initially developed to explain why people didnâ t exercise. It is based on rational emotive therapy. It examines behavior from a religious perspective. ? Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following demonstrates content on a flyer geared toward increasing the flu immunization rates of older adults, using the Health Belief Model construct of perceived susceptibility? Selected Answer: The age groups most at risk for contracting the flu Answers: The dates and times vaccinations are available at the health department A list of possible symptoms The age groups most at risk for contracting the flu A detailed explanation of flu complications in the different age groups ? Question 1 2 out of 2 points Which of the following statements is consistent with an internal locus of control? Selected Answer: During flu season, I wash my hands more often to avoid getting sick. Answers: I do whatever my doctor tells me too regarding my health. During flu season, I wash my hands more often to avoid getting sick. Luck has been on my side this year, I didnâ t catch one cold. There is no sense in wearing a seat belt, if youâ re meant to get hurt in an accident, you will. ? Question 2 0 out of 2 points In using the Attribution Theory construct of stability as the basis for behavior change, internal stable causes cannot be changed. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False ? Question 3 2 out of 2 points The underlying concept of Attribution Theory is: Selected Answer: a cause or explanation for things that happen. Answers: intention to engage in a behavior. personal beliefs of behavior initiation. a cause or explanation for things that happen. the relationship between a person and the environment. ? Question 4 0 out of 2 points Which of the following demonstrates an internal, unstable cause of behavior? Selected Answer: past experiences Answers: genetic predisposition family history past experiences knowledge ? Question 5 2 out of 2 points The construct of stability in Attribution Theory refers to the extent to which the underlying cause of a behavior can be predicted. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False ? Question 6 2 out of 2 points According to Attribution Theory, personal attributes are the basis of all behavior. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False ? Question 7 2 out of 2 points Instruction from a physician is more successful in changing behavior of people with an external locus of control than in people with an internal locus of control. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 8 0 out of 2 points The construct of stability in Attribution Theory refers to the extent to which the cause of a particular behavior is consistent or inconsistent, whether it is always the same or if it changes. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False ? Question 9 2 out of 2 points Attribution Theory tells us that it is important to identify behavioral cause at the individual level because the same behavior may result from different causes for different people. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 10 0 out of 2 points According to the Attribution Theory construct of controllability, Selected Answer: when unstable stable causes of behavior are controlled, they become stable. Answers: when unstable stable causes of behavior are controlled, they become stable. the more internal a cause, the less controllable it is. external causes of behavior are the only ones that can be controlled. controllable causes of undesirable behavior lead to blame and stereotyping. ? Question 1 2 out of 2 points According to the Transtheoretical Model, when people are in the process of changing their behavior, one thing they do to move the change along is to see themselves engaging in the new behavior. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 2 2 out of 2 points Which of the following would be consistent with tasks in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model? Selected Answer: Making plans for how the change will be implemented Answers: Identifying rewards that would support maintainence of the new behavior Making plans for how the change will be implemented Gathering information about the health problem Isolating possible relapse triggers ? Question 3 2 out of 2 points When a woman shares that she is afraid to join a gym because people will be watching her exercise and they will laugh because she is so out of shape, this is consistent with which of the following processes of change seen in the Transtheoretical Model? Selected Answer: Dramatic relief Answers: Counter- conditioning Dramatic relief Environmental Reevaluation Social liberation ? Question 4 0 out of 2 points An example of stimulus control, one of the processes of the Transtheoretical Model, for someone who wants to change their diet to vegetarian would be to ignore what others have to say about their decision to make this change. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 5 2 out of 2 points If someone has not given any thought to changing his/her behavior, according to the Transtheoretical Model this person: Selected Answer: is in the pre-contemplation stage of change Answers: is in the pre-contemplation stage of change is in denial is demonstrating an external locus of control is in need of self-efficacy training ? Question 6 2 out of 2 points In the Transtheoretical Model, before a person can move from contemplation to the next stage which of the following must occur? Selected Answer: A decision must be made to pursue the change Answers: A plan must be completed so the behavior change can occur A decision must be made to pursue the change A system of rewards and punishment must be established A commitment to a change date has to be made ? Question 7 2 out of 2 points To assist people in maintaining their new behavior according to the Transtheoretical Model, which of the following would be helpful? Selected Answer: Establishing self help groups and strengthening helping relationships Answers: Establishing self help groups and strengthening helping relationships Proving information about the health problem being addressed Conducting values clarification exercises Examining the effect the new behavior has on the external environment ? Question 8 2 out of 2 points Using the Transtheoretical Model as the basis for a behavior change intervention entails: Selected Answer: using the stages and processes of change to enable the change to occur. Answers: identifying causes of the unwanted behavior determining the extent of intent to change the behavior being addressed using the stages and processes of change to enable the change to occur. defining the beliefs that are known to underlie the problem behavior ? Question 9 0 out of 2 points People in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model, are actively changing their behavior and preparing ways to sustain it once the change is complete. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 10 2 out of 2 points According to the Transtheoretical Model, in order for behavior to change, which of the following conditions have to be met? Selected Answer: The pros of changing the behavior have to outweigh the cons Answers: The pros of changing the behavior have to outweigh the cons Subjective norms need to be assessed and addressed Self-efficacy needs to be strong The behavior to be changed has to be under volitional control. ? Question 1 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true of the Health Belief Model? Selected Answer: It is the most commonly used theory in health education and promotion. Answers: It is the most commonly used theory in health education and promotion. It was initially developed to explain why people didnâ t exercise. It is based on rational emotive therapy. It examines behavior from a religious perspective. ? Question 2 2 out of 2 points Instruction from a physician is more successful in changing behavior of people with an external locus of control than in people with an internal locus of control. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 3 2 out of 2 points Which if the following theories would be consistent with addressing the issue of student alcohol use by forming a club for students who donâ t drink so they can support each otherâ s decision not to drink. Selected Answer: Theory of Reasoned Action Answers: Health Belief Model Self- Efficacy Theory of Reasoned Action Diffusion of Innovation ? Question 4 0 out of 2 points Which of the following would be an example of the Transtheoretical Model counter conditioning process of change. Selected Answer: A smoker choosing a quit date Answers: A smoker choosing a quit date A runner walking part of the time. An overeater using a smaller plate for his food A soda drinker switching to water. ? Question 5 0 out of 2 points An example of stimulus control, one of the processes of the Transtheoretical Model, for someone who wants to change their diet to vegetarian would be: Selected Answer: Cutting the portion size of meat eaten in half Answers: Ignoring what others have to say about their decision Keeping the behavior change a secret Cutting the portion size of meat eaten in half Donate all meat based food items in the kitchen to a food bank. ? Question 6 2 out of 2 points Of the process of change below, which would you use to move people from pre-contemplation to contemplation if using the Transtheoretial Model to implement a behavior change? Selected Answer: Consciousness raising Answers: Social liberation Environmental reevaluation Consciousness raising Helping relationships ? Question 7 2 out of 2 points Which construct of Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on how we feel when we think about engaging in a particular behavior. Selected Answer: Somatic and emotional states Answers: Verbal persuasion Somatic and emotional states Mastery experiences Vicarious experiences ? Question 8 0 out of 2 points Attribution theory would be a reasonable foundation for a behavior change intervention based on: Selected Answer: providing the necessary support for the acquisition of the new behavior. Answers: removing barriers that impede adoption of healthier behaviors. increasing knowledge and skills as needed on an individual basis. providing the necessary support for the acquisition of the new behavior. identifying causes of unwanted behaviors and changing them different outcome occurs. ? Question 9 2 out of 2 points The underlying concept of Attribution Theory is: Selected Answer: a cause or explanation for things that happen. Answers: intention to engage in a behavior. personal beliefs of behavior initiation. a cause or explanation for things that happen. the relationship between a person and the environment. ? Question 10 2 out of 2 points According to the construct of mastery experiences in Self-efficacy Theory, attempting new behavior is more likely if: Selected Answer: the new behavior is similar to something already done well. Answers: observational opportunities of the new behavior are available. an expert on the behavior provides guidance. the new behavior is similar to something already done well. rewards are given. ? Question 11 2 out of 2 points Theories are used as the basis for public health programs or interventions because they provide: Selected Answer: a possible explanation for health behavior. Answers: the reason why the health problems exist. a possible explanation for health behavior. the basis for funding decisions. answers as to disease causality ? Question 12 0 out of 2 points Which of the following best illustrates the use of Self-Efficacy Theory to increase fruit and vegetable intake in XYZ community. Selected Answer: Replace junk food in the school vending machines with fruits and vegetables so students only have healthy snacks to choose from. Answers: Replace junk food in the school vending machines with fruits and vegetables so students only have healthy snacks to choose from. Hold vegetarian cooking classes at a local restaurant so residents can practice preparing new foods. Send a brochure to community residents with information about how many daily servings of fruit and vegetables they need each so they can make the changes. Implement a community garden so the residents can grow their own fruits and vegetables. ? Question 13 2 out of 2 points The self-liberation process of change in the Transtheorectical Model is similar to self-efficacy in that it is: Selected Answer: predicated on personal belief in ability to change Answers: predicated on personal belief in ability to change influenced by verbal persuasion effective for behaviors under volitional control strengthened by past experiences ? Question 14 2 out of 2 points Of the following, which best demonstrates the use of the Self-Efficacy construct of verbal persuasion? Selected Answer: Encouraging parents to commend their children for choosing fruit over chips as an after school snack. Answers: Instructing teachers warn children they are not permitted to bring cookies to school for dessert. Having pediatricians inform parents about healthy snack foods for their children. Encouraging parents to commend their children for choosing fruit over chips as an after school snack. Using role models to tell students about the benefits of eating healthier foods. ? Question 15 2 out of 2 points Using the Transtheoretical Model as the basis for a behavior change intervention entails: Selected Answer: using the stages and processes of change to enable the change to occur. Answers: identifying causes of the unwanted behavior determining the extent of intent to change the behavior being addressed using the stages and processes of change to enable the change to occur. defining the beliefs that are known to underlie the problem behavior ? Question 16 2 out of 2 points According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, behavior is affected by volitional control because it: Selected Answer: affects intention to engage in a behavior. Answers: impacts self-efficacy. affects intention to engage in a behavior. reflects belief in onesâ ability to avoid illness. is under the influence of subjective norms. ? Question 17 2 out of 2 points In an effort to move people from the contemplation stage in the Transtheoretical Model to the next stage, which of the following processes would be appropriate to use? Selected Answer: Self-reevaluation Answers: Self-reevaluation Counter conditioning Reinforcement management Stimulus control ? Question 18 2 out of 2 points According to the Transtheoretical Model, in order for behavior to change, which of the following conditions have to be met? Selected Answer: The pros of changing the behavior have to outweigh the cons Answers: The pros of changing the behavior have to outweigh the cons Subjective norms need to be assessed and addressed Self-efficacy needs to be strong The behavior to be changed has to be under volitional control. ? Question 19 2 out of 2 points Which of the following would be most consistent with the use of mastery experiences in Self-Efficacy Theory as the basis for an HIV risk reduction program? Selected Answer: Demonstrating proper application of a condom using anatomical models and providing opportunity for practice Answers: Showing a video about the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus. Providing educational materials on the pathophysiology of HIV infection Having guest speakers with HIV discuss how the infection has changed their lives. Demonstrating proper application of a condom using anatomical models and providing opportunity for practice ? Question 20 2 out of 2 points When using community level theories, behavior change is predicated on: Selected Answer: Changing factors within social systems Answers: Changing factors within social systems Formal education of large groups of people Assessing the knowledge level of the population Understanding the communityâ s unique cultural composition. ? Question 21 2 out of 2 points According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, behavior is affected by volitional control because it: Selected Answer: affects intention to engage in a behavior. Answers: impacts self-efficacy. affects intention to engage in a behavior. reflects belief in onesâ ability to avoid illness. is under the influence of subjective norms. ? Question 22 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on a series of beliefs? Selected Answer: attitude toward the behavior Answers: attitude toward the behavior aptitude to understand the behavior association between action and change approach ? Question 23 2 out of 2 points A theoretical concept is: Selected Answer: the idea upon which the theory is based Answers: the idea upon which the theory is based the means by which a theory is measured the way in which the theory is applied the outcome of the theory in practice ? Question 24 2 out of 2 points Changing the legal limit for a DUI arrest would be consistent with which theoretical level of intervention? Selected Answer: Community Answers: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Regional ? Question 25 2 out of 2 points Self-efficacy is increased through vicarious learning if: Selected Answer: the person being observed is like the observer. Answers: the person being observed is like the observer. the behavior is easier to demonstrate than to explain in words. there is opportunity for practice what is observed. there is a relationship between the observer and the observed. ? Question 26 2 out of 2 points If you wanted to use a theory that focused on factors such as knowledge and attitudes, which type would be most appropriate? Selected Answer: Intrapersonal Answers: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Societal ? Question 27 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on what we think others expect of us? Selected Answer: subjective norms Answers: societal marketing subjective norms social capital subjected justice ? Question 28 2 out of 2 points According to the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, one way to change behavior would be to: Selected Answer: alter intention. Answers: strengthen self-efficacy. increase awareness of health issue. alter intention. improve networks. ? Question 29 2 out of 2 points According to the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of somatic and emotional states, self-efficacy is affected when: Selected Answer: thought of the behavior causes anxiety or fear. Answers: important others are supportive of the behavior change. there is a belief that one will succeed. intention to perform the behavior changes due to illness. thought of the behavior causes anxiety or fear. ? Question 30 1 out of 1 points Behavioral control is determined by a set of beliefs the person has that help or hinder performance of the behavior. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 31 2 out of 2 points To assist people in maintaining their new behavior according to the Transtheoretical Model, which of the following would be helpful? Selected Answer: Establishing self help groups and strengthening helping relationships Answers: Establishing self help groups and strengthening helping relationships Proving information about the health problem being addressed Conducting values clarification exercises Examining the effect the new behavior has on the external environment ? Question 32 2 out of 2 points Which of the following demonstrates content on a flyer geared toward increasing the flu immunization rates of older adults, using the Health Belief Model construct of perceived susceptibility? Selected Answer: The age groups most at risk for contracting the flu Answers: The dates and times vaccinations are available at the health department A list of possible symptoms The age groups most at risk for contracting the flu A detailed explanation of flu complications in the different age groups ? Question 33 0 out of 2 points Which of the following exercise programs for older adults at a local gym best demonstrates the use of the construct of vicarious learning in the Self-efficacy theory? Selected Answer: A cartoon video is used to demonstrate the exercises. Answers: The exercise sessions are taught by a personal trainer from the gym. A cartoon video is used to demonstrate the exercises. The granddaughter of one of the program participants runs the sessions. An older adult member of gym guides the others through the exercises. ? Question 34 2 out of 2 points The perception of threat in the Health Belief Model refers to: Selected Answer: the perception of disease seriousness in combination with susceptibility. Answers: the likelihood of contracting a fatal illness. the perception of disease seriousness in combination with susceptibility. the degree to which a person is afraid of a disease. the individual belief of the outcome of contracting a particular illness. ? Question 35 2 out of 2 points According to the Attribution Theory construct of controllability, Selected Answer: controllable causes of undesirable behavior lead to blame and stereotyping. Answers: when unstable stable causes of behavior are controlled, they become stable. the more internal a cause, the less controllable it is. external causes of behavior are the only ones that can be controlled. controllable causes of undesirable behavior lead to blame and stereotyping. ? Question 36 2 out of 2 points The underlying concept of the Health Belief Model explains that behavior results from: Selected Answer: individual beliefs and perceptions. Answers: intention to engage in the behavior as a result of beliefs. the relationship between the environment, societal beliefs and the person. a series of stages and processes. individual beliefs and perceptions. ? Question 37 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is true of the construct of mastery experiences in the Self-Efficacy theory? Selected Answer: It is the most effective means by which to increase self-efficacy. Answers: It is the most effective means by which to increase self-efficacy. It enable people to keep trying to learn something new even after repeated failures. It is based on people learning from others who are masters at the new behavior. It requires an evaluation by others as to the extent of mastery. ? Question 38 2 out of 2 points Subjective norms are useful in explaining behavior because they reflect: Selected Answer: Personal perception of behaviors perceived as expected by others. Answers: Attitudes and beliefs toward the behavior Personal perception of behaviors perceived as expected by others. The extent of control over normal behaviors. Societal expectations of those in the community. ? Question 39 2 out of 2 points The Theory of Reasoned Action explains behavior based on: Selected Answer: Intrapersonal factors Answers: Intrapersonal factors Environmental factors Educational factors Social factors ? Question 40 2 out of 2 points Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on observing the success or failure of others who are similar to us? Selected Answer: Vicarious Experiences Answers: Verbal persuasion Somatic and Emotional States Mastery Experiences Vicarious Experiences ? Question 41 1 out of 1 points Attitudes are formed by a series of beliefs which result in a value being placed on the outcome of the behavior Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 42 2 out of 2 points Which of the following statements is consistent with an internal locus of control? Selected Answer: During flu season, I wash my hands more often to avoid getting sick. Answers: I do whatever my doctor tells me too regarding my health. During flu season, I wash my hands more often to avoid getting sick. Luck has been on my side this year, I didnâ t catch one cold. There is no sense in wearing a seat belt, if youâ re meant to get hurt in an accident, you will. ? Question 43 2 out of 2 points The impetus for the development of the Transtheoretical Model was: Selected Answer: the desire to explain how people with addictive behaviors change Answers: the need for a model that encompassed all of theories addressing societal behavior change a way to fill a void for a means by which to change behavior at the individual level the desire to explain how people with addictive behaviors change a gap in knowledge about how to initiate behavior change around issues associated with poverty and poor health. ? Question 44 2 out of 2 points ____________ is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on our ability to do something at will? Selected Answer: volitional control Answers: vocational control volitional control voluminous control vicarious control ? Question 45 2 out of 2 points In the Transtheoretical Model, before a person can move from contemplation to the next stage which of the following must occur? Selected Answer: A decision must be made to pursue the change Answers: A plan must be completed so the behavior change can occur A decision must be made to pursue the change A system of rewards and punishment must be established A commitment to a change date has to be made ? Question 46 1 out of 1 points Attitude toward a behavior affects intention to engage in the behavior. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 47 2 out of 2 points According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following demonstrates a cue to action? Selected Answer: Placing an article in the local paper about influenza vaccination. Answers: Placing an article in the local paper about influenza vaccination. Having people in a smoking cessation program identify a quit date. Asking students to choose the type of game they want to play in a physical education class. Serving low sodium food at a senior center. ? Question 48 2 out of 2 points The difference between the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is that the TPB: Selected Answer: contains the construct of behavioral control, the TRA does not. Answers: is more effective in changing addictive behaviors is based on logic model, the TRA is based on the Health Belief Model contains the construct of behavioral control, the TRA does not. puts less emphasis on individual behavior than the TRA ? Question 49 1 out of 1 points According to the construct of volitional control, if engaging in as behavior is perceived to be easy, then the likelihood of engaging in the behavior is greater. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False ? Question 50 1 out of 1 points Behavioral control is the extent of control we believe we have over what happens to us. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False ? Question 51 2 out of 2 points Which of the following processes of change is most similar to the concept of self-efficacy? Selected Answer: Self-liberation Answers: Self-liberation Counter-conditioning Dramatic relief Reinforcement management ? Question 52 2 out of 2 points Attribution Theory explains that in order to change behavior the cause of the behavior must be known. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 53 0 out of 2 points A manual that increases knowledge of the health problem being addressed and provides possible solutions would be appropriate to help people with an external locus of control change their behavior. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 54 2 out of 2 points The construct of perceived barriers refers to: Selected Answer: the things a person sees as impediments to change. Answers: a personâ s lack of comprehension about the seriousness of a health problem. beliefs related to the financial obligations of adopting a new behavior. the things a person sees as impediments to change. any rule or regulation that may interfere with changing behavior. ? Question 55 2 out of 2 points The Theory of Reasoned Action would be appropriate to use as the basis of a program aimed at: Selected Answer: changing intention. Answers: modifying threat. increasing critical thinking. changing intention. decreasing external locus of control. ? Question 56 2 out of 2 points Which of the following best summarizes a theory's concept? Selected Answer: It is the foundation or idea underlying the theory Answers: It is the way in which the theory is used It is the foundation or idea underlying the theory It is the outcome expected from using the theory It is the operationalization of the constructs ? Question 57 2 out of 2 points Which of the following best summarizes the concept of the Self-Efficacy Theory? Selected Answer: People will only try things they think they can do. Answers: People will try anything they havenâ t done before. People will only try things they think they can do. People will not do anything they canâ t do perfectly. People will repeat something new until they get it right. ? Question 58 2 out of 2 points Theories at the ___________level focus on the assumption that other people in our lives affect our health decisions and thus, our health behavior. Selected Answer: Interpersonal Answers: Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Societal ? Question 59 0 out of 1 points According to Self-Efficacy Theory, efficacious people see difficult tasks as threats and avoid them. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 60 0 out of 2 points Which of the following reflects the construct of volitional control in the Theory of Reasoned Action? Selected Answer: having a partner practice safer sex Answers: regular use of sunscreen having a partner practice safer sex avoiding foodborne illness participating in a clinical drug trial ? Question 61 2 out of 2 points Which of the following statements is consistent with an external locus of control? Selected Answer: My dentist told me to floss more often. Answers: I need to exercise more and cut back some on my calories intake in order to lose weight. The book I just bought has great advice to help me better manage my stress. My dentist told me to floss more often. There are great sites on the internet to get information about disease prevention. ? Question 62 2 out of 2 points Volitional control refers to: Selected Answer: behaviors we can decide to engage in, at will Answers: behaviors we can decide to engage in, at will policies and regulations used to support behavior change. the ability to maintain a behavior change the external system needed to support behavior change. ? Question 63 1 out of 1 points In accordance with Self-Efficacy Theory, people generally only do what they think they can do successfully, and do not things they believe they will fail. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 64 2 out of 2 points Adolescents are more likely to resist smoking if they think their parents would be disappointed with them if they smoked. Using this as the basis, which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use in developing a smoking prevention intervention ? Selected Answer: Theory of Reasoned Action Answers: Theory of Reasoned Action Social Capital Social Cognitive Theory Health Belief Model ? Question 65 2 out of 2 points The Health Belief construct of perceived seriousness is best explained by which of the following? Selected Answer: An individualâ s own opinion of the detrimental effects of a disease Answers: The medical definition of the cause and effects of the illness. An individualâ s own opinion of the detrimental effects of a disease Societal beliefs of the extent of disease seriousness. Subjective norms attitudes toward the extent of disability caused by the disease.. ? Question 66 2 out of 2 points Which of the following would be consistent with tasks in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model? Selected Answer: Making plans for how the change will be implemented Answers: Identifying rewards that would support maintainence of the new behavior Making plans for how the change will be implemented Gathering information about the health problem Isolating possible relapse triggers ? Question 67 2 out of 2 points When a woman shares that she is afraid to join a gym because people will be watching her exercise and they will laugh because she is so out of shape, this is consistent with which of the following processes of change seen in the Transtheoretical Model? Selected Answer: Dramatic relief Answers: Counter- conditioning Dramatic relief Environmental Reevaluation Social liberation ? Question 68 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is consistent with a model Selected Answer: A composite of concepts from any number of different theories. Answers: A specific theoretical concept that is used in a specific setting for a given population. Several related constructs from one theory A composite of concepts from any number of different theories. An example of how a theory can be applied to address a particular health issue. ? Question 69 2 out of 2 points Which of the following theories would be most appropriate to base an intervention on that aims to increase participation in testicular cancer screening among high school students in an effort to combat the idea that cancer is an â old personâ s diseaseâ . Selected Answer: Health Belief Model Answers: Health Belief Model Attribution Theory Theory of Reasoned Action Self-Efficacy Theory ? Question 70 2 out of 2 points The Health Belief Model was first developed in response to: Selected Answer: the need to understand why people were not accessing free screenings. Answers: the HIV/AIDS epidemic. an increase in cultural diversity in urban areas. the need to understand why people were not accessing free screenings. the lack of comprehensive model to explain behavior. ? Question 71 2 out of 2 points According to the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, one way to change behavior would be to: Selected Answer: alter intention. Answers: strengthen self-efficacy. increase awareness of health issue. alter intention. improve networks. ? Question 72 2 out of 2 points Theories Selected Answer: come from a need to solve a problem. Answers: come from a need to solve a problem. are tested and become laws. cannot be changed once developed. determine cause and effect. ? Question 73 0 out of 2 points Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on past success engaging in a similar behavior? Selected Answer: Somatic and Emotional States Answers: Verbal persuasion Somatic and Emotional States C. Mastery Experiences Vicarious Experiences ? Question 74 1 out of 1 points The Self-Efficacy Theory construct of verbal persuasion explains that when people are told they will be successful at something new, they are more likely to try. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False ? Question 75 2 out of 2 points Theories that explain behavior at the intrapersonal level would focus on factors such as: Selected Answer: Gender and beliefs Answers: Relationships and expectations Societal expectations and cultural norms Public policies and laws Gender and beliefs ? Question 76 2 out of 2 points Adolescents are more likely to resist smoking if they think their parents would be disappointed with them if they smoked. Using this as the basis, which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use in developing a smoking prevention intervention ? Selected Answer: Theory of Reasoned Action Answers: Theory of Reasoned Action Social Capital Social Cognitive Theory Health Belief Model ? Question 77 0 out of 2 points Which of the following demonstrates an internal, stable cause of behavior? Selected Answer: skill Answers: intellect intention skill desire ? Question 78 2 out of 2 points If someone has not given any thought to changing his/her behavior, according to the Transtheoretical Model this person: Selected Answer: is in the pre-contemplation stage of change Answers: is in the pre-contemplation stage of change is in denial is demonstrating an external locus of control is in need of self-efficacy training ? Question 79 2 out of 2 points Which of the following demonstrates an internal, unstable cause of behavior? Selected Answer: knowledge Answers: genetic predisposition family history past experiences knowledge