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week two notes

Uploaded: 5 years ago
Contributor: SamandJay
Category: Biology
Type: Lecture Notes
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Filename:   Learning teamBweek3wrksht(1) (1) (1).docx (32.1 kB)
Page Count: 3
Credit Cost: 1
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University of Phoenix Material Week 3 Practice Worksheet Provide a response to the following prompts. Note: Each team member should compute the following questions and submit them to the Learning Team forum. The team should then discuss each team member’s answers to ascertain the correct answer for each question. Once your team has answered all the questions, submit a finalized team worksheet. When a result is not extreme enough to reject the null hypothesis, explain why it is wrong to conclude that your result supports the null hypothesis. The reason that it is wrong to conclude that your result supports the null hypothesis is because, first when you decide that you are going to reject the null hypothesis you are also saying that the results from your research do support your research hypothesis. You would not want to say that the results prove the research hypothesis is true. Second, when a result is not extreme enough to reject the null hypothesis, you do not say that the result supports (or proves) the null hypothesis. You simply say the result is not statistically significant. A result that is not strong enough to reject the null hypothesis means the study was inconclusive. The results may not be extreme enough to reject the null hypothesis, but the null hypothesis might still be false. (https://phoenix.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781323102671/cfi/6/22!/4/26/20/12/2/8/4/6@0:100) 2. List the five steps of hypothesis testing and explain the procedure and logic of each. Restate the Question as a Research Hypothesis and a Null Hypothesis About the Populations- (The null hypothesis is a statement of no effect, relationship, or difference between two or more groups or factors.  In research studies, a researcher is usually interested in disproving the null hypothesis.) Determine the Characteristics of the Comparison Distribution- This is usually the hypothesis the researcher is interested in proving.  The alternative hypothesis can be one sided (only provides one direction, e.g., lower) or two sided. We often use two-sided tests even when our true hypothesis is one-sided because it requires more evidence against the null hypothesis to accept the alternative hypothesis. Determine the Cutoff Sample Score on the Comparison Distribution at Which the Null Hypothesis Should Be Rejected- The smaller the significance level, the greater the burden of proof needed to reject the null hypothesis, or in other words, to support the alternative hypothesis. Determine Your Sample’s Score on the Comparison Distribution-  This p-value is determined based on the result of your test statistic.  Your conclusions about the hypothesis are based on your p-value and your significance level.  Decide Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis- Hypothesis testing is not set up so that you can absolutely prove a null hypothesis.  Therefore, when you do not find evidence against the null hypothesis, you fail to reject the null hypothesis. When you do find strong enough evidence against the null hypothesis, you reject the null hypothesis. A researcher wants to know whether people who regularly listen to radio talk shows are more or less likely to vote in national elections than people in general. State the research hypothesis and null hypothesis The research hypothesis: Wanting to know whether people who regularly listen to radio talk shows are more or less likely to vote in national elections than people in general. The null hypothesis: There would be no actual relationship between the people that do listen to radio talk shows or voting than the people that don’t to much care for the radio talk shows or voting in general. Would the researchers use a one- or two-tailed Z test? In this particular situation, the researchers would be using the two-tailed Z test. The general population (Population 2) has a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 5, and the cutoff Z score for significance in a study involving one participant is 1.96. If the raw score obtained by the participant is 45, what decisions should be made about the null and research hypotheses? z = (X-Mu)/SD z = (45-30)/5 = + 3 Since the z-score (+3) of the concerned raw score of the participant > 1.96, the null hypothesis will be rejected. In other words, it can be said that there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis The alternative hypothesis can be accepted. It can be inferred that there is significant difference between the raw score and population mean. One hundred people are included in a study in which they are compared to a known population that has a mean of 73, a standard deviation of 20, and a rectangular distribution. ?M = ____73______. ?M = ___20_______. The shape of the comparison distribution is __a rectangle________. If the sample mean is 75, the lower limit for the 99% confidence interval is ___69.75_______. If the sample mean is 75, the upper limit for the 99% confidence interval is ___80.25_______. If the sample mean is 75, the lower limit for the 95% confidence interval is ___71.03_______. If the sample mean is 75, the upper limit for the 95% confidence interval is ___78.97_______. A psychology professor of a large class became curious as to whether the students who turned in tests first scored differently from the overall mean on the test. The overall mean score on the test was 75 with a standard deviation of 10; the scores were approximately normally distributed. The mean score for the first 20 students to turn in tests was 78. Using the .05 significance level, was the average test score earned by the first 20 students to turn in their tests significantly different from the overall mean? Use the five steps of hypothesis testing. Figure the confidence limits for the 95% confidence interval.

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