study guide

Chem 103: Test 1 Study Guide Chapters 1, 2, and 3 Chapter 1: Describe the four parts of Dalton’s Atomic Theory. What experiments were used to discover the electron? Who was one of the experimenters and what was his experiment? Who discovered the proton? What experiment was used to discover the proton and how was it used? Who discovered the neutron? How was it discovered? Compare and contrast the three main subatomic particles. Using an atomic symbol determine the following: Type of atom Mass number Atomic number Number of protons Number of electrons Isotopes Ions Law of conservation of matter and energy. Complete atom and ions tables Label the following on a periodic table Metals Nonmetals Metaloids Main group Transition elements Describe the differences between the three states of matter based on: Their degrees of freedom Volume Shape Density Classify matter as: Pure Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Identify changes as physical or chemical. Identify properties as physical or chemical. What are the metric base units of measurement for volume, mass, and temperature? Know the prefixes/symbols for nano, milli, micro, centi, kilo Know how to write numbers into and out of scientific notation. Use a meter stick and/or graduated cylinder to measure something. (You must include the measured numbers and one estimated number). Use the significant figures rules to determine how many sig figs are in a number. Use the sig fig rules to determine how many sig figs you will have after a mathematical calculation. Use conversion factors and dimensional analysis to complete conversion problems. Calculate density. Understand units involved in case you forget the equation! Calculate heat using q = mCs?T Understand units involved in case you forget the equation! Chapter 2: What is the difference between an element and a compound? What is a chemical bond? What are the two main types of chemical bonds? When do they occur? Identify the following: Atomic elements Molecular elements Molecular compounds Ionic compounds Label the ion charges of different groups Name ionic compounds when given the molecular formula. Give the molecular formula when given the name. Know how to name ionic compounds with invariant and variant charges. Know how to name hydrates. Know how to name polyatomic ions Know how to name acids Name molecular compounds when given the formula. Give the formula when given the name. Describe what a mole is. Know Avogadro’s number Convert between mass, mole, and number of particles. Calculate the atomic mass given the percent composition of each isotope. Calculate an empirical formula? Calculate a molecular formula? What is a structural formula? Given one type of formula, when possible, switch it to another type of formula (ex: molecular to empirical). Chapter 3 Interpret the different parts of a chemical equation Balance a chemical equation Write and balance a chemical equation if given a sentence describing the reaction Utilize stoichiometry to complete conversion problems based on your balanced chemical equations Determine the limiting reactant, the theoretical yield and the percent yield using stoichiometry Complete stoichiometry problems with multi-step reactions Types of Reactions Redox Reactions Oxidation States Identifying the following: What is oxidized What is reduced Oxidizing agent Reducing agent Synthesis Reactions Decomposition Reactions Single Displacement Reactions (and the rules for) Metal displacing metal Metal displacing hydrogen Halide displacing halide Double Displacement (Metathesis) Reactions Combustion Reactions Neutralization Reactions Gas Formation Reactions Given a set of reactants, predict the products and/or determine if the reaction will take place