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anim_antibody_mediated_immunity _answer_key.doc

Uploaded: 4 years ago
Contributor: jan
Category: Anatomy
Type: Other
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Filename:   anim_antibody_mediated_immunity _answer_key.doc (91 kB)
Page Count: 3
Credit Cost: 1
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Antibody Mediated Immunity To complete this worksheet, select: Module: Disease Resistance Activity: Animations Title: Antibody Mediated Immunity Introduction 1. a. Explain B-cell (B-lymphocyte) role with antibody-mediated immunity. They are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. The B-cell differentiates into antibody secreting plasma cells. b. Describe the role of lymph nodes and spleen in this process. The spleen and the lymph nodes are places where B-cells are activated to give rise to antibody producing cells following exposure to antigens , B Cell Activation, Proliferation and Differentiation 2. a. Describe the importance of the immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B-cells. Each B cell has a unique receptor similar to antibodies released from the B cell’s daughter plasma cell. Genetic recombination is able to produce millions of different variations of receptors. Each B cell receptor binds to a specific unprocessed antigen. b. Why are millions of different receptor shapes essential to their function? The varied numbers of receptor shapes are essential to their function in order to accommodate the varied number and structure of antigens. 3. a. Contrast B-cell and T-cell activity. During activation of the B cell, an antigen binds to B-cell receptors. The interaction increases their response when they process the antigen. The antigen is taken into the B-cell and broken open into peptide fragments and combine with MHC-II self antigen, and displayed on the B call plasma membrane. Helper T cells recognize the MHC-II antigen complex and deliver the costimulation activity needed for B cell proliferation. b. Describe B-cell and T-cell interaction. The helper T cells produce interleukin-2 and other cytokines that function as costimulators of B cells. Interleukin-4 and Interleukn-6 also produce helper T-cells, enhance B cell proliferation, B cell differentiation into plasma cells and the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells. 4. Describe the process that results in an activated B-cell. antigen digestion - mechanism used by the B cell to process the antigen. self identification – the B cell is able to determine and recognize the differences between MHC-I and MHC-II antigen complexes. exocytosis – process of secreting components from the cell – antibodies from plasma cells. Helper T-cells - . Helper T cells recognize the MHC-II antigen complex and deliver the costimulation activity needed for B cell proliferation. Interleukins - interleukin-2 and other cytokines function as costimulators of B cells. Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6 also produce helper T-cells. enhance B cell proliferation, B cell differentiation into plasma cells and the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells. 5. Explain the steps that result in antibody production. Activated B cell divides and make multiple clones of itself. Many of the replicated cells differentiate into plasma cells. These plasma cells release antibodies that are able to bind to the same antigen which initially activated the B cells. Some of the B cell clones circulate in the body as memory cells. 6. What is the function of memory B-cells? The memory cells remember the antigen that initially activated the B cells and can rapidly mount a response in the event that the individual is exposed to the antigen again. Actions of Antibodies 7. Describe the following antibody actions. Neutralization the reaction of the antibody with the antigen bocks or neutralizes some bacterial toxins and prevents attachment of some viruses to body cells. Immobilization If antibodies form against antigens on the cilia or flagella of motile bacteria the antigen-antibody reaction may cause the bacteria to lose their motility which limits their spread to nearby tissues. Agglutination & Precipitation Because antibodies have two or more sites for binding to the antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction may cross link pathogens to Complement Activation Antigen-antibody complexes initiate the classical pathway of the complement system. Opsonization The process by which antigens are altered so that they are more readily and more efficiently engulfed and destroyed by immune cells.

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