Top Posters
Since Sunday
5
o
5
4
m
4
b
4
x
4
a
4
l
4
t
4
S
4
m
3
s
3
A free membership is required to access uploaded content. Login or Register.

Week 1 notes

Uploaded: 4 years ago
Contributor: forthewin
Category: Biology
Type: Lecture Notes
Rating: N/A
Helpful
Unhelpful
Filename:   Bio 2c03 week 1 notes.txt (11.27 kB)
Credit Cost: 1
Views: 38
Last Download: N/A
Description
Notes For week 1 of 2c03
Transcript
04/09/2019 Genetics -Gene: region of DNA that helps determine a character - Allele: One of two or more alternate forms of a gene - Locus specific place on chromosome occupied by an allele - Genotype: Combination of alleles at one or more loci possessed by an individual organism - Heterozygote: Organism possess two different alleles at the same locus - Homozygote: organisms possesses two of the saeme alleles at the locus - Phenotype: Is the manifestation of the character Chapter 1(Molecular Basis of Heredity Variation and Evolution -Mendel found that principles of heredity -Principle of segregation - Independent Assortment -Pedigree -Chromosome Replication and Organismal Reproduction - Prokaryotes usually have a single circular chromosome replication in conjunction with cell division - In Eukary multiple pairs of homo chromosomes occupy the nucleus of the cells. There are also organelle genomes - Asexual: complete sets of chromosomes transmitted, making identical daighter cells - Sexual: Gametes are produced by the cell div called meiosis -Gametes fuse to form zygotes, beginning the next generation of somatic cells which would reproduce asexually -Assessing genetic variation(Tools) Could be assessed through examination of DNA, RNA, and proteins through gel electrophoresis Gel-electrophoresis: seperates proteins or nucleis acids based on charge shape and size, through the use of an electric field. Two types if gels: agarose, and polyacrylamide Since most nucleic acids and proteins are negative, samples move toward positive Stains, Blots and Probes DNA stain Ethidium Bromide binds to sugar phosphate backbone of nucleic acids Exposure of EtBr-stained gel to UV causes nucleic acids to fluoresce Protein Stain Coomassie Brilliant Blue is the name of two similar triphenylmethane dyes Blotting: fragments seperated on gel are transferred to a second medium on which detection by hybridization will be carried out Southern Blotting: DNA transfer of Northern Blotting: mRNA transfer Western Blotting: protein transfer Molecular Probes, bind to target proteins or nucleic acid sequences Genomics and other omics -Genomics: sequencing interpretation, and comparison of genomes - Transcriptomics: complete set of genes that are transcribed in a cell/tissue, including how environmental conditions influence gene expression -Proteomics: complete set of proteins expressed in a cell/tissue, also protein function. - localization regulation, and interaction of proteins -Metabolomics: complete set of metabolites in a specific cell, tissue, organ, or organism Viruses have a diversity of genetic materials DNA: hereditary material in all cellular organisms: double helix RNA(single and double) and ssDNA used by some viruses as hereditary materials -Focus within Cellular Organisms -DNA replication: precisely duplicates DNA duplex prior to cell division -Transcription: DNA strand is used to direct RNA synthesis -mRNA undergoes translation to produce proteins at structures called ribosomes 05/09/2019 Gel Eletrophoresis The larger the molecule the slower it moves Migration of proteins through gels M=(C E)/(4pir^2V)- for globular proteins M=SPEED OF MIGRATION C=NET CHARGE e=strength of electric field Radius of molecule v= viscosity of the supporting gel You have to use lower agaronse concetration for large difference Higher agarose concentration for samplse similar in size in order to seperate them 1.2 Overview of Molecular Genetics The discovery of structure is known as start of molecular genetics Central dogma continued Dna Composition and Structure HELD TOGETHER BY HBONDs Then there are phosphate bonds along the backbone of the Dna - DNA structure supports that replication is semiconservative - DNa Transcription and Messenger RNA translation express genes o Additional central dongma

Related Downloads
Explore
Post your homework questions and get free online help from our incredible volunteers
  1086 People Browsing