FINAL EXAM DIAGNOSIS SPRING 2021 - Tareq Mohamad

54esDIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SPRING 2021 FINAL EXAM A 45-year-old man with classic features of schizophrenia has always experienced co-occurring symptoms of depression – including feeling “down in the dumps,” having a poor appetite, feeling hopeless, and suffering from insomnia – during his episodes of active psychosis. These depressive symptoms occur only during his psychotic episodes and only during the two-year period when the patient was experiencing active symptoms of schizophrenia. After his psychotic episodes were successfully controlled by medication, no further symptoms of depression were present. The patient has never met full criteria for major depressive disorder at any time. What is your diagnosis? Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder Persistent depressive disorder Unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder Criterion A for schizoaffective disorder requires an uninterrupted period of illness during which Criterion A for schizophrenia is met. Which of the following additional symptoms must be present to fulfill diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder? An anxiety episode – either panic or general anxiety A major depressive or manic episode A REM sleep behavior disorder Cyclothymia A 55-year old man with a known history of alcohol dependence and schizophrenia is brought to the emergency room because of delusions and visual hallucinations. Which of the following would you NOT include in a differential diagnosis? Schizophrenia Substance/Medication-induced psychotic disorder Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition Borderline Personality disorder In Schizophrenia, psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and grossly disorganized (catatonic) behaviors are known as: Negative symptoms Positive symptoms Mediating symptoms Catastrophic symptoms Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders are defined by abnormalities in one or more of five domains, four of which are also considered psychotic symptoms. Which of the following is not considered a psychotic symptom? Absence of motivation (avolition) Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized thinking Misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences in Schizophrenia are known as Hallucinations Misperceptions Delusions Avolition Which of the following ways might hallucinations be experienced in Schizophrenia? Auditory Olfactory Gustatory All of the above What is the most common form of delusion? Grandiose delusion Persecutory delusion Thought insertion Body distortion Delusions which are clearly implausible and not understandable to same-culture peers and do not derive from ordinary life experiences are referred to as: Nonbizarre Bizarre Incongruent Implausible In which of the following disorders can psychotic symptoms occur? Bipolar and depressive disorders Substance Use disorders Posttraumatic stress disorder Psychotic symptoms can occur in all of the above Two key symptoms of manic episode are: Distractibility and social phobia Extremely elevated mood and grandiose ideas Delusional thinking and intense fear of weight gain Hallucinations and flight of ideas A patient with a history of bipolar disorder reports experiencing one week of elevated and expansive mood. Evidence of which of the following would suggest that the patient is experiencing a hypomanic, rather than a manic, episode? Irritability Decreased need for sleep Increased productivity at work Psychotic symptoms A 32-year-old man reports 1 week of feeling unusually irritable. During this time, he has increased energy and activity, sleeps less, and finds it difficult to sit still. He also is more talkative than usual and is easily distractible, to the point of finding it difficult to complete his work assignments. A physical examination and laboratory workup are negative for any medical cause of his symptoms and he takes no medications. What diagnosis best fits this clinical picture? Manic episode Hypomanic episode Major Depressive Episode Cyclothymic disorder For the past two weeks, a realtor has been so depressed that she can barely make the effort to show houses to prospective buyers. However, this period of depression was preceded by a similar period when her energy and enthusiasm enabled her to sell several houses. She is referred to you because this is a recurring behavior pattern. Your diagnosis will be: Major depressive disorder Hypochondriasis Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymic disorder A 25-year-old graduate student presents to the counselor complaining of feeling down and “not enjoying anything.” Her symptoms began about a month ago, along with insomnia and poor appetite. She has little interest in activities and is having difficulty attending to her school work. She recalls a similar episode one year ago that lasted about two months before improving without treatment. She also reports several episodes of increased energy in the past two years; these episodes usually last one to two weeks, during which time she is very productive, feels more social and outgoing, and tends to sleep less, although she feels energetic during the day. Friends tell her that she speaks more rapidly during these episodes but that they do not see it is off-putting and in fact think she seems more outgoing and clever. She has no medical problems and does not take any medications are abuse alcohol or drugs. What is your most likely diagnosis? Bipolar I disorder, current episode depressed Bipolar II disorder, current episode depressed Bipolar one disorder, current episode unspecified Cyclothymic disorder Within mood disorders, two key symptoms of a major depressive episode are: Very low mood and agoraphobia Problems in concentration and compulsive behaviors Markedly diminished interest in usual activities and recurrent thoughts of death Diminished need for sleep and loss of energy After being depressed for two years following her divorce, a middle-aged woman makes an appointment with you and relates that in addition to her mood, she has lost weight and has never felt happy for more than a week during this time. Your diagnosis will be: Bipolar I disorder Major depressive disorder Paranoid schizophrenia Persistent Depressive Disorder A depressed patient reports that he experiences no pleasure from his normally enjoyable activities. Which of the following additional symptoms would be required for this patient to qualify for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder with melancholic features? Despondency, depression that is worse in the morning, and inability to fall asleep Depression that is worse in the evening, psychomotor agitation, and significant weight loss Inappropriate guilt, depression that is worse in the morning, and early-morning awakening Significant weight gain, depression that is worse in the evening, and excessive guilt Children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder are most likely to develop which of the following disorders in adulthood? Bipolar I disorder Schizophrenia Borderline personality disorder A depressive disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder differs from major depressive disorder in the following ways: Symptoms only affect women during the winter months Symptoms are more severe and last longer Symptoms are less severe but last longer Symptoms include hallucinations and delusional thinking A nine-year-old boy is brought in for evaluation because of explosive outbursts when he is frustrated with schoolwork. The parents report that their son is well behaved and pleasant at other times. Which diagnoses best fits this clinical picture? Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Intermittent explosive disorder Major depressive disorder Persistent depressive disorder A person who seeks therapy from a counselor because she is tense, has difficulty sitting still, and is continually worried about the future is suffering from: Anxiety disorder Panic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Somatoform disorder Anxiety is to fear as: Immediate is to future Future is to immediate General is to specific Specific is to general A college student seeks help from a counselor because he is experiencing frequent episodes during which he becomes very fearful, or even terrified, often for no apparent reason. A likely diagnosis for this student’s problem is _________. Phobic Dysthymic Panic Attack Conversion A nine-year-old boy cannot go to sleep without having a parent in his room. While falling asleep, he frequently awakens to check that a parent is still there. One parent usually stays until the boy falls asleep. If he awakes alone during the night, he starts to panic and gets up to find his parents. He also reports frequent nightmares in which he or his parents are harmed. He occasionally calls out that he saw a strange figure peering into his dark room. The parents usually will wake in the morning to find a boy asleep on the floor of the room. They want to try to leave them with the relatives so they could go on a vacation; however, he became so distressed in anticipation of this that they canceled their plans. What is your probable diagnosis? Specific phobia Nightmare disorder Separation anxiety disorder Agoraphobia A 50-year-old man reports episodes in which he suddenly and unexpectedly awakens from sleep feeling a surge of intense fear that peaks within minutes. During this time, he feels short of breath and has heart palpitations, sweating, and nausea, his medical history is significant only for hypertension, which is well-controlled with medication. As a result of the symptoms, he has begun to have anticipatory anxiety associated with going to sleep. What is your probable diagnosis? Panic disorder Sleep terrors Panic attacks Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder The 35-year-old man is in danger of losing his job because it requires frequent long-range traveling and for the past year he has avoided flying. Two years earlier he was on a particularly turbulent flight, and though he was not in any real danger, he was convinced that the pilot minimized the risk and that the plane almost crashed. He flew again one month later and, despite having a smooth flight, the anticipation of turbulence was so distressing that he experienced a panic attack during the flight; he is not flown since. What is the most appropriate diagnosis? Agoraphobia Panic disorder Acute stress disorder Specific phobia, situational type In social anxiety disorder (social phobia), the object of an individual’s fear is the potential for which of the following? Social or occupational impairment Embarrassment Harm to self or others Incapacitating symptoms Which of the following physical symptoms are associated with Panic attacks? Heart palpitations Perspiring Hyperventilating All of the above Panic disorder is where: An individual experiences a singular panic attack There is a fear of panicking and enclosed spaces There is excessive anxiety and worry about many different aspects of life There are recurrent and unexpected panic attacks Generalized anxiety disorder is a pervasive condition in which the sufferer experiences: Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehension expectation) about a number of events or activities Fear of fear Continual flashbacks to past events Avoidance of specific objects A 52-year-old man with raw, chapped hands is referred to you by his primary care doctor. The man reports that he washes his hands repeatedly spending up to four hours a day, using abrasive cleansers and scalding hot water. Although he admits that his hands are uncomfortable, he is entirely convinced that unless he washes in his manner he will become gravely ill. A medical workup is unrevealing, and the man takes no medication. What is your probable diagnosis? Delusional disorder, somatic type Illness anxiety disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Which of the following statements about obsessive-compulsive disorder is FALSE? Compulsions can be either repetitive behaviors or mental acts Obsessions can be thoughts, images, or impulses People with OCD are considered to be psychotic because they cannot control their thoughts and behaviors. People with OCD are often aware of how irrational their thoughts and behaviors are. A 25-year-old man is concerned that he looks “weak” and “puny” despite the fact that to neutral observers he appears very muscular. When confronted about his belief he believes he is being humored and that people are in fact making fun of his small size behind his back. He has tried a number of strategies to increase muscle mass, including exercising excessively and using anabolic steroids; however, he remains to this satisfied with his appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis? Delusional disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Body identity integrity disorder Body dysmorphic disorder, with muscle dysmorphia A six-year-old girl has repeatedly approach strangers while in the park with her class. The teacher requests an evaluation of the behavior. The girl has a history of being placed in several different foster homes over the past three years. Which diagnoses is suggested from this history? Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Disinhibited social engagement disorder Autism spectrum disorder Borderline personality disorder A four-year-old boy in daycare often displays fear that does not seem to be related to any of his activities. Although frequently distressed, he does not seek contact with any of the staff and does not respond when staff members try to comfort him. What additional information about this child would be important in deciding whether or not his symptoms represent reactive attachment disorder (RAD)? Age at first appearance of the behavior Family history about his siblings History of language delay Indications that he is experienced severe social neglect Criterion B for acute stress disorder requires the presence of nine (or more) symptoms from any of five categories of response. Which of the following is not one of these five categories? Arousal Dissociation Confusion Avoidance Which of these statements is true regarding acute stress reaction disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder? Both disorders can occur at any time following a traumatic event Acute stress disorders occur only in children, while PTSD can occur at any age PTSD is not diagnosed until after four weeks following the traumatic event Acute stress disordx uer describe symptoms in someone who was not present at an incident, while PTSD takes place only in those who were present Which of the following is NOT required for a diagnosis of PTSD Re-experiencing of the traumatic event Emotional numbing and detachment Hypervigilance and chronic arousal Persistent and uncontrollable worry Which of the following statements is FALSE about acute stress disorder? It occurs in response to traumas like PTSD It occurs within one month of exposure to a stressor It must last longer than 4 weeks It often includes dissociative symptoms For adjustment disorder, how long can the symptoms persist? No longer than three months Three months to a year No more than six months More than a year A five-year-old child was present when her babysitter was sexually assaulted. Which of the following symptoms would be most suggestive of posttraumatic stress disorder in this child? Playing normally with toys Having dreams about princesses and castles Taking the clothing off her dolls while playing Expressing no fear when talking about the event When an individual is unaware that they present different personalities to the world, this is known as: Dislocated identity disorder Disjointed identity disorder DIsappropriate identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder Which of the following questions would not be part of the dissociative disorders interview? Were you physically abused as a child or adolescent? Do you feel physical pain that lacks a physical basis? Do you speak about yourself as “we” or “us”? Do you ever feel that there is another person or persons inside you? People with depersonalization disorder: Have more than one personality Feel as though they are not real Forget details about personal identity Fabricate disturbance to get secondary gain A young man found wandering the streets of his hometown claimed that he did not know his name or where he lived. He was taken to a hospital for examination, but no physical injuries were found. After several days in the hospital, he awoke and remembered that he had had an argument with his parents that included threats of physical violence on both sides. In order to escape this stressful situation, the young man developed ____________________. Dissociative Amnesia Learned helplessness Agoraphobia Catatonic Schizophrenia All of the following are diagnosed as somatic symptom disorders except Illness anxiety disorder Conversion disorder Somatic symptom disorder Fugue disorder Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are Anxiety disorders Dissociative disorders Somatic symptom disorders Acute stress disorders A 45-year-old man with a family history of early onset coronary artery disease avoids climbing stairs, avoids exercise, and abstains from sexual activity for fear provoking a heart attack. He frequently checks his pulse, reads extensively about preventive cardiology, and tries many health food supplements alleged to be good for the heart. When he experiences an occasional twinge of chest discomfort, he rests in bed for 24 hours; however he does not go to the doctors because he fears hearing bad news about his heart from them. What diagnosis best fits this clinical picture? Adjustment disorder Illness anxiety disorder Somatic symptom disorder Factitious disorder Tara was taken to an emergency room after she reported blurred vision. She could not read the eye chart. More detailed examination showed no physical problems with her eyes. Tara is most likely to be diagnosed with ___________ disorder: Dissociative Body Dysmorphic Conversion Somatic Symptom Disorder Ravi has seen a number of physicians through the years complaining of several exaggerated medical problems such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, nausea, and erectile dysfunction. Medical examination yields no basis for his claims. Ravi will most likely be diagnosed as having __________ disorder. Dissociative Body Dysmorphic Conversion Somatic Symptom Disorder Karl persistently views the mild headaches he occasionally gets as an indication he has a brain tumor. Magnetic resonance images provide no evidence in support of his claim, yet he still insists he has a tumor. Karl is most likely suffering from _____________. Conversion disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder What are the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa? Restricting type and binge-eating/purging type Energy-sparing type and binge eating/purging type Restricting type and low weight type Low-carbohydrate/low-fat type and restricting type What are the three essential diagnostic features of anorexia nervosa? Persistently low self-confidence, intense fear of becoming fat, and disturbance in motivation Low self-esteem, disturbance in self perceived weight or shape, and persistent energy restriction Persistent restriction of energy intake, intense fear of becoming fat, and disturbance in self perceived weight or shape Restricted affect, disturbance and motivation, and low calorie intake What are the three essential diagnostic features of bulimia nervosa? Recurrent episodes of binge eating; recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain; self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. The current restriction of food; self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight; mood instability Delusions regarding body habitus; obsessional focus on food; recurrent purging Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight; history of anorexia nervosa; recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to gain weight. Which of the following is a core feature of insomnia disorder? Depressed mood Dissatisfied with sleep quality or quantity Cognitive impairment Abnormal behaviors during sleep One of the diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy is a presence of cataplexy. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of cataplexy? Waxy flexibility Unusual behavior Sudden onset It persists for hours A 50-year-old emergency department nurse complains of sleepiness at work interfering with her ability to function. She recently switched from the 7 AM to 4 PM dayshift to the 11 PM to 8 AM night shift in order to have her afternoons free. Even with the schedule change, she finds it difficult to sleep in the morning at home, has little energy for recreational activities or household chores in the afternoon, and feels exhausted in the middle of her overnight shift. What is the most likely diagnosis? Insomnia disorder Circadian rhythm sleep-week disorder, shift work type Hypersomnia once disorder Sleep apnea Which of the following is a subtype of sexual dysfunction in DSM 5? Lifelong Secondary to a medical condition Due to relationship factors Due to psychological factors The 35-year-old man with new onset diabetes presents with a six-month history of inability to maintain an erection. His erectile dysfunction had a sudden onset: he was fired from his job a month before the symptoms began. His diabetes is well controlled. What would be your diagnosis? Erectile disorder Adjustment disorder Unspecified sexual dysfunction Medication induced sexual dysfunction A 30-year-old woman comes to your office and reports that she is there only because her mother pleaded with her to see you. She tells you that although she has good social network with friends of both sexes, she has never had any feelings of sexual arousal in respect to men or women, does not have any erotic fantasies, and has little interest in sexual activity. She has found other like-minded individuals, and she and her friends accept themselves as asexual. What is your diagnosis, if any? Female sexual interest/arousal disorder, lifelong, mild Female sexual interest/arousal disorder, lifelong, severe Hypoactive sexual desire disorder No diagnosis, because she does not have clinically significant distress or impairment Which of the following symptoms or conditions would rule out a diagnosis of erectile disorder? Marked decrease in erectile rigidity Age over 60 years Presence of alcohol use disorder Presence of symptoms for less than three months A 3-year old boy has rather severe temper tantrums that have occurred at least weekly for a 6-week period. Although the tantrums can sometimes be associated with defiant behavior, they often result from a change in routine, fatigue or hunger, and he only rarely does anything destructive. He is generally well behaved in nursery school and during periods between his tantrums. Which of the following conclusions best fits this child’s presentation? The boy does not meet criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) The boy meets criteria of ODD because of the presence of tantrums and defiant behavior The boy could be diagnosed with ODD as long as it does not appear that his home environment is harsh, neglectful, or inconsistent The boy’s symptoms more likely represent disruptive mood dysregulation disorder than ODD. The diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) include specifiers for indicating severity of the disorder as manifested by pervasiveness of symptoms across settings and relationships. Which of the following specifiers would be appropriate for an 11-year-old boy who meets Criteria A symptoms in two settings? Mild Moderate Severe There is not enough information to code the specifier A 16-year-old boy with a long history of defiant behaviors toward authority figures also has a history of aggression towards peers (gets into fights at school), toward his parents, and toward objects (punching holes in walls, breaking doors). He frequently lies, and has recently begun to steal merchandise from stores and money and jewelry from his parents. He does not seem pervasively irritable or depressed, and he has no sleep disturbance or psychotic symptoms. What is the most likely diagnosis? Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Conduct Disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder A previously well behaved 13-year-old girl begins to display extremely defiant and oppositional behavior, with vindictiveness. She is angry, argumentative, and refuses to accept responsibility for her behavior, which is affecting both her home life and school life in a significant way. What is the least likely diagnosis? Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder Oppositional defiant disorder Adjustment disorder A 15-year-old boy has a history of episodic violent behavior that is out of proportion to the precipitant. During a typical episode, which will escalate rapidly, he will become extremely angry, punching holes in walls or destroying furniture in the home. There seems to be no specific purpose or gain associated with the outbursts, and within 30 minutes he is calm and “back to himself,” a state that is not associated with any predominant mood disturbance. What diagnosis best fits this clinical picture? Bipolar Disorder Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) Conduct Disorder Which of the following is NOT a recognized alcohol-related disorder in DSM-5? Alcohol dependence Alcohol use disorder Alcohol intoxication Alcohol withdrawal Which of the following is the only non-substance-related disorder to be included in the DSM-5 chapter “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders? Gambling Disorder Internet Gaming Disorder Electronic commination addiction disorder Compulsive shopping A 27-year-old woman presents for psychiatric evaluation after almost hitting someone with her car while driving under the influence of marijuana. She reports that she was prompted to seek treatment by her husband, with whom she has had several conflicts over the past year about her ongoing marijuana use. She has continued to smoke two joints daily and drive while under the influence of marijuana since this event. What is the appropriate diagnosis? Cannabis abuse Cannabis dependence Cannabis intoxication Cannabis use disorder What substance or in the Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders chapter of DSM-5 is not associated with a substance use disorder? Caffeine Hallucinogens Inhalants Stimulants A 45-year-old man with a long-standing history of heavy alcohol use is referred for psychiatric evaluation after his recent admission to the hospital for acute hepatitis. The patient reports that he drank almost daily in college. Over the past 10 years, he is gradually increased as nightly alcohol intake from a single six-pack to two 12-packs of beer, and this nightly drinking habit has resulted in his frequently oversleeping and missing work. He is tried to moderate his alcohol use on numerous occasions with little success, particularly after developing complications associated with alcoholic cirrhosis. The patient admits that he becomes anxious and gets hand tremors when he doesn’t drink. This patient meets the criteria for which of the following diagnoses? Alcohol abuse Alcohol dependence Alcohol use disorder, moderate Alcohol use disorder, severe Which of the following personality disorders is NOT a Cluster B disorder? Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Conduct disorder in childhood predisposes people to develop ______ personality disorder in adulthood. Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Sam is an interstate truck driver. Many people consider him to be a loner. Sam shows little emotion and does not seem to desire social contact. Sam is most likely to have ______ personality disorder. Avoidant Schizoid Borderline Antisocial Maureen is alone much of the time. She avoids new experiences and meeting new people. Though she wants to have some friends, she is afraid that she will be rejected and embarrassed. The most likely diagnosis for Maureen is ________ personality disorder. Avoidant Schizoid Narcissistic Dependent Dave seems to need advice about everything: what courses to take, where to work, whom to date, and how to spend his free time. His friends want him to figure out things for himself. The most likely diagnosis for Conan is _________ personality disorder. Avoidant Paranoid Narcissistic Dependent While collaborating on a presentation to their customers, the members of the sales team become increasingly frustrated with her team leader. The leader insists that the members of the team adhere to his strict rules for developing the project. This involves approaching the task in sequential manner such that no task can be begun until the prior one is perfected. What other members suggest alternative approaches, the leader becomes frustrated and insists that the team stick to his approach. Although the results are inarguably of high quality, the team is convinced that they will not finish in time for the scheduled presentation. When voicing these concerns to the leader, he suggests that the real problem is that the other members of the team simply don’t share his high standards. Which one of the following disorders would best explain the behavior of this team leader? Narcissistic personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) Katrina often changes her hairstyle and wears multiple different outfits each day to draw attention. She has exaggerated expressions of emotion to what others tell her. She will scream with delight or break down into tears to respond to the successes or failures of others. The most likely diagnosis for Katrina is _______ personality disorder. Narcissistic Histrionic Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive Which of the following presentations is characteristic of borderline personality disorder? A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior. A pattern submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of A pattern of instability and interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Which of the following presentations is characteristic of schizoid personality disorder? A pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior. A pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression. A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, and marked impulsivity A child is struggling in second grade. Her teacher called her parents for a conference due to concerns that she has become forgetful in class, is often seen to be daydreaming, and has serious difficulty following multistep directions. Her mother notes that “in the second grade there is some real homework and she cannot sit down and focus on doing it. Half the time she even forgets it at home in the morning.” Her teacher recalls careless errors on simple mathematics assignments. The child’s father reminds them, “She has been this way for years. You cannot get her to focus, even if it is on making her bed or brushing her teeth.” What is the likely diagnosis? Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation Conduct Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Match each description with the paraphilic disorder for which it is most likely characteristic (each disorder may be used once, more than once, or not at all) Exhibitionistic disorder Fetishistic disorder Pedophilic disorder Sexual sadism disorder Voyeuristic disorder __A__ involves exposing one’s genitalia to unsuspecting people __E__ Involves intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person disrobing or being naked __C__ Involves intense sexual arousal from prepubescent children __D__ Involves intense sexual arousal from significant physical or psychological suffering of another person The three categories of neurocognitive disorders are Delirium, chromosomal disorders, amnestic disorders Delirium, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s, delirium, and Parkinson’s disease Major neurocognitive disorders, mild neurocognitive disorders, and delirium Mr. Smith (age 72) is brought to the hospital emergency room. His son explains that his father woke up this morning and was “not himself.” Mr. Smith appears confused, agitated, and a bit frightened. He does not know his own name and cannot recognize his son. Mr. Smith’s son reports that his father had been completely fine with no symptoms prior to this morning. Mr. Smith appears to be suffering from Neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy Body disease Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease Delirium Amnestic Disorder The gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects judgment, memory, language, and other cognitive processes is called _______ Major cognitive disorder Delirium Amnestic Disorder Mental Retardation Major and mild neurocognitive disorders exist on a spectrum of cognitive and functional impairment. Which of the following constitutes an important threshold differentiating the two diagnoses? Whether or not the individual is concerned about the decline in cognitive function Whether or not there is impairment in cognitive performance as measured by standardized testing or clinical assessment Whether or not the cognitive impairment is sufficient to interfere with independent completion of activities of daily living Whether or not the cognitive deficits occur exclusively in the context of a delirium