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© Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Chapter 6: Intercompany Profit Transactions – Plant Assets by Jeanne M. David, Ph.D., Univ. of Detroit Mercy to accompany Advanced Accounting, 10th edition by Floyd A. Beams, Robin P. Clement, Joseph H. Anthony, and Suzanne Lowensohn © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Intercompany Profits – Plant Assets: Objectives Assess the impact of intercompany profit on transfers of plant assets in preparing consolidations working papers. Defer unrealized profits on asset transfers by either the parent or subsidiary. Recognize realized, previously deferred profits on asset transfers by the parent or subsidiary. Adjust the calculation of noncontrolling interest amounts in the presence of intercompany profits on asset transfers. © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 1: Transfers of Plant Assets Intercompany Profit Transactions – Plant Assets © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Intercompany Fixed Asset Sales Intercompany sales of nondepreciable fixed assets: In year of intercompany sale Defer any gain or loss Restate fixed asset to cost In years of continued ownership Adjust investment account to defer gain or loss (adjust noncontrolling interest too, if upstream sale) Restate fixed asset to cost In year of sale to outside entity Adjust investment account (and noncontrolling interest if upstream sale) Recognize the previously deferred gain or loss © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Intercompany Sale of Land Park owns 90% of Stan, acquired at cost equal to fair value. In 2009, Park sells (downstream) land to Stan and records a $10 gain. In 2013, Stan sells the land to an outside entity at a $15 gain. Stan's separate income was $70 in 2009, $80 per year for 2010 to 2012, and $90 in 2013. © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2009 Calculations Defer the unrealized gain, with full effect to Park Park's Income from Stan 90%(70) – 10 = $53 Noncontrolling interest share 10%(70) = $7 Elimination entry for 2009 Worksheet Gain on sale of land 10 Land 10 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2010 to 2012 Calculations Continue to defer gain, with full effect to Park Park's Income from Stan 90%(80) = $72 Noncontrolling interest share 10%(80) = $8 Elimination entry for Worksheets in 2010 to 2012 Investment in Stan 10 Land 10 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2013 Calculations Recognize the previously deferred gain, with full effect to Park Park's Income from Stan 90%(90) + 10 = $91 Noncontrolling interest share 10%(90) = $9 Elimination entry for 2013 Worksheet Retained Earnings 10 Gain on sale of land 10 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2: Deferring Unrealized Profits Intercompany Profit Transactions – Plant Assets © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Unrealized Profits on Fixed Assets Unrealized profit or loss on nondepreciable fixed assets Defer in year of intercompany sale Continue deferring by adjusting the investment in subsidiary (and noncontrolling interest if upstream) Recognize full profit or loss upon resale to outside entity © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Depreciable Fixed Assets Gains and losses on intercompany sales of depreciable fixed assets Defer in period of intercompany sale Recognize gain or loss over remaining life of asset Adjust asset and depreciation down for gains Adjust asset and depreciation up for losses Recognize any unamortized gain or loss upon sale to outside entity © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Downstream Example Perry owns 80% of Soper, acquired at cost equal to fair value. On 1/1/09, Perry sells equipment to Soper at a $30 profit. The equipment has a remaining life of 5 years from 1/1/09. Soper disposes of the equipment at book value at the end of 5 years. Soper's income is $70 in 2009, $80 per year for 2010 to 2012, and $90 in 2013. © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2009 Calculations Defer the unrealized gain and amortize it over 5 years with full effect to Perry 30 gain / 5 years = $6 Perry's Income from Soper 80%(70) – 30 + 6 = $32 Noncontrolling interest share 20%(70) = $14 Elimination entry for 2009 Worksheet Gain on sale of equipment 30 Equipment 30 Accumulated depreciation 6 Depreciation expense 6 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 3: Recognizing Realized, Previously Deferred Profits Intercompany Profit Transactions – Plant Assets © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Previously Deferred Gains/Losses Recognize over the life of the depreciable asset Downstream sales Adjust investment in subsidiary account Upstream sales Adjust investment in subsidiary account and noncontrolling interest, proportionately Intercompany sales at a gain Adjust asset and depreciation down Intercompany sales at a loss Adjust asset and depreciation up © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2010 to 2012 Calculations Continue to recognize part of the gain, with full effect to Perry Perry's Income from Soper 80%(80) + 6 = $70 Noncontrolling interest share 20%(80) = $16 Elimination entry for Worksheets in 2010 Retained earnings 24 Accumulated depreciation 6 Equipment 30 Accumulated depreciation 6 Depreciation expense 6 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Entries (cont.) Worksheet entries for 2011 Worksheet entries for 2012 Retained Earnings 18 Accumulated depreciation 12 Equipment 30 Accumulated depreciation 6 Depreciation expense 6 Retained earnings 12 Accumulated depreciation 18 Equipment 30 Accumulated depreciation 6 Depreciation expense 6 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2013 Calculations Recognize the remaining deferred gain, with full effect to Perry Perry's Income from Soper 80%(90) + 6 = $78 Noncontrolling interest share 20%(90) = $18 Elimination entries for 2013 Worksheet Retained earnings 6 Accumulated depreciation 24 Equipment 30 Accumulated depreciation 6 Depreciation expense 6 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 4: Impact on Noncontrolling Interest Intercompany Profit Transactions – Plant Assets © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Sharing Unrealized Gain or Loss Upstream sales of fixed assets require: Deferring the gain or loss on the sale Recognizing a portion of the gain or loss as the asset depreciates Writing off any unrecognized gain or loss upon the sale of the asset Sharing the gains and losses between the controlling and noncontrolling interests Upstream sales impact noncontrolling interests! © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Upstream Example Pail owns 70% of Shovel, acquired at cost equal to fair value. On 1/1/09, Shovel sells equipment to Pail at a $40 profit. The equipment has a remaining life of 5 years from 1/1/09. Pail Uses the equipment for four years, then sells it at a profit at the start of 2013. Shovel's income is $70 in 2009, $80 per year for 2010 to 2012, and $90 in 2013. © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2009 Calculations Defer the unrealized gain and amortize it over 5 years sharing the gain 40 gain / 5 years = $8 Pail's Income from Shovel 70%(70 – 40 + 8) = $26.6 Noncontrolling interest share 30%(70 – 40 + 8) = $11.4 Elimination entry for 2009 Worksheet Gain on sale of equipment 40 Equipment 40 Accumulated depreciation 8 Depreciation expense 8 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2010 to 2012 Calculations Continue to recognize part of the gain, sharing its effect between the controlling and noncontrolling interests Pail's Income from Shovel 70%(80 + 8) = $61.6 Noncontrolling interest share 30%(80 + 8) = $26.4 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2010 Worksheet Entries Elimination entry for Worksheets in 2010 Retained Earnings 22.4 Noncontrolling interest 9.6 Accumulated depreciation 8.0 Equipment 40.0 Accumulated depreciation 8.0 Depreciation expense 8.0 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2011 Worksheet Entries Worksheet entries for 2011 Investment in Shovel 16.8 Noncontrolling interests 7.2 Accumulated depreciation 16.0 Equipment 40 Accumulated depreciation 8.0 Depreciation expense 8.0 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2012 Worksheet Entries Worksheet entries for 2012 Retained Earnings 11.2 Noncontrolling interest 4.8 Accumulated depreciation 24.0 Equipment 40.0 Accumulated depreciation 8.0 Depreciation expense 8.0 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* 2013 Calculations Recognize the remaining deferred gain, sharing the impact with controlling and noncontrolling interests Unamortized gain = 1 year at $8 Pail's Income from Shovel 70%(90 + 8) = $68.6 Noncontrolling interest share 30%(90 + 8) = $29.4 Elimination entries for 2013 Worksheet Retained Earnings 5.6 Noncontrolling interests 2.4 Accumulated depreciation 32.0 Equipment 40.0 Accumulated depreciation 8.0 Gain on sale of equipment 8.0 © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Sale at Other Than Fair Value Intercompany sales of fixed assets at prices other than fair value Deserve scrutiny by shareholders Sales above fair value move additional cash to the seller Sales below fair value transfer valuable goods to the buyer There is a transfer of wealth between the affiliated companies, and between the controlling and noncontrolling interests © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Inventory Items ? Fixed Assets An intercompany sale of inventory which is acquired as a fixed asset Unrealized profit is removed from cost of sales in year of sale Profit is recognized over the fixed asset's life Cost of sales XXX Equipment XXX Accumulated depreciation X Depreciation expense X © Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 6-* Copyright © 2009 Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
