What Is Psychology Essential of Psychology

What Is Psychology Essential of Psychology Quick Quiz Most clinical psychologists in Canada have a A PhD B EdD C PsyD D MA Answer A Explanation A In Canada most clinical psychologists possess a doctoral degree in psychology PhD People with master's degrees MA can still register with the provincial body and provide psychological services is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public A Consulting B Research C Teaching D Therapy Answer B Explanation B Research is the professional activity of psychologists that is least understood by the public according to Ludy Benjamin An important movement in psychology that emerged in the s and rejected psychoanalysis and behaviourism was A the evolutionary perspective B the feminist movement C humanism D Gestalt psychology Answer C Explanation C Humanism emerged in the s in reaction to the pessimism of psychoanalysis and the mechanistic views of behaviourism Which modern perspective focuses on how people reason remember understand language and solve problems A the learning perspective B the cognitive perspective C the sociocultural perspective D the psychodynamic perspective Answer B Explanation B The cognitive perspective focuses on understanding the processes the mind uses to know and understand the world founded the field of psychoanalysis A Sigmund Freud B William James C Wilhelm Wundt D E B Titchener Answer A Explanation A Sigmund Freud was the founder of the field of psychoanalysis emphasized the purpose of behaviour as opposed to its analysis and description A Structuralism B Functionalism C Humanism D Behaviourism Answer B Explanation B Functionalism emphasized the purpose of behaviour while structuralism examined the basic elements of the mind established the first psychological laboratory in A Joseph Gall B John Locke C William James D Wilhelm Wundt Answer D Explanation D Wilhelm Wundt is referred to as the father of modern scientific psychology because he established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig in Unlike modern psychologists great thinkers of the past A relied on observations based on anecdote and description of individual cases B wanted to describe predict understand and modify behaviour C relied heavily on empirical evidence D wanted to know what motivated people's actions Answer A Explanation A Great thinkers of the past tended to rely on anecdotes and descriptions of individual cases rather than empirical evidence but they were similar to modern psychologists in wanting to describe predict understand and modify behaviour and wanting to know what motivated behaviour An important characteristic of critical thinkers is A the belief that all opinions are created equal B the willingness to engage in vigorous debate about the validity of an idea C the understanding that judgment of opinions and ideas is inappropriate D the acceptance of intuition as a valid source of ideas Answer B Explanation B Critical thinkers must be willing to debate ideas and to judge opinions They must be aware of the importance of relying on empirical evidence rather than intuition Psychology can be defined as the discipline concerned with A the understanding and treatment of mental disorders B the mind what it is and how it works C behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state mental state and external environment D the understanding of people and relationships Answer C Explanation C Psychology is a broad discipline concerned with all aspects of animal and human behaviour and mental processes Quick Quiz Compared to pop psych psychology A is based on empirical evidence B is less complex C addresses only human behaviour D is more narrow in the issues it addresses Answer A Explanation A Psychology as opposed to pop psych is strongly based on empirical evidence Which of the following is NOT one of the critical-thinking guidelines listed in the text A Ask questions and be willing to wonder B Define your terms C Accept all opinions as equally valid D Examine the evidence Answer C Explanation C Opinions that ignore empirical evidence are not equal in value to those that do consider empirical evidence A difference between the great thinkers of history and today's psychologists is that A modern psychologists want to describe predict understand and modify behaviour B modern psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence C modern psychologists wonder whether emotion controls us or is something we can control D modern psychologists want to know how people take in information through their senses and use that information to solve problems Answer B Explanation B Modern psychologists rely strongly on empirical evidence whereas great thinkers of the past tended to rely on anecdote and description of individual cases The other choices are similarities between modern psychologists and great historical thinkers The first person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science was A William James B Joseph Gall C John Locke D Wilhelm Wundt Answer D Explanation D Wilhelm Wundt in was the first person to publicly state his intention to make psychology a science involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind A Functionalism B Structuralism C Humanism D Behaviourism Answer B Explanation B Structuralism focused on describing the basic elements that compose the mind Which of the following is NOT an important modern perspective in psychology A the structuralist perspective B the biological perspective C the psychodynamic perspective D the sociocultural perspective Answer A Explanation A The structuralist perspective is of historical interest but is not a modern perspective in psychology The founder of functionalism was A Sigmund Freud B William James C Wilhelm Wundt D E B Titchener Answer B Explanation B William James was the leader and founder of the functionalist school of thought in psychology An important movement in psychology that emerged in the early s was A the behaviourist movement B the humanist movement C the feminist movement D positive psychology Answer C Explanation C The feminist movement in psychology emerged in the s Which of the following is NOT one of the major professional activities of psychologists A teaching B conducting research C providing mental-health services D consulting Answer D Explanation D While many psychologists engage in consulting it is not one of the primary professional activities of psychologists Which of the following practitioners typically has a graduate degree in psychology A a psychiatrist B a psychotherapist C a clinical psychologist D a psychoanalyst Answer C Explanation C Most Canadian provinces require at least a master's degree to be licensed as a psychologist However most clinical psychologists have a PhD A psychiatrist has an MD degree Psychotherapists and psychoanalysts may or may not have an advanced degree Test Questions The psychology that is studied in this textbook bears little relation to the pop psych found in self-help books In our textbook the psychological information is based on A psychoanalytic truths B the ideas of prominent authors C empirical evidence D the most up-to-date theories Answer C Explanation C Psychology is based on scientific research and empirical evidence Section Chapter Introduction Empirical findings are those that A rely on observation experimentation or measurement B characterize an entire set of research data C are conducted in a field setting outside of a laboratory D compare subjects of different ages at a given time Answer A Explanation A Empirical findings are gathered by careful observation experimentation and measurement Section Chapter Introduction When comparing the academic field of psychology to pop psych all of the following are true of psychology EXCEPT A it is based on scientific research and empirical evidence B it addresses a far broader range of issues C its goals are self-improvement and improved relationships D it deals not only with mental and emotional disorders but with the entire spectrum of human behaviour Answer C Explanation C The goals of psychology are to understand behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state mental state and external environment this is much broader than just self-improvement and improved relationships Section Chapter Introduction Psychology is defined as the discipline concerned with A the causes of psychological disorders and the development of effective treatments to help individuals in mental distress B behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state mental state and external environment C an organism's observable behaviour and the ways in which prior experience and learning shape this behaviour D maladaptive human behaviours and cognitions that are incorporated into a person's self-worth during childhood Answer B Explanation B Psychology is the discipline concerned with understanding behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state mental state and external environment The other choices are only a part of psychology Section Chapter Introduction Popular opinion suggests that most abused children grow up to become abusive parents However this belief has been contradicted by empirical evidence Empirical evidence is defined as A evidence that relies on or has been derived from laboratory experimentation under controlled conditions B evidence that relies on or has been derived from observation experimentation or measurement C evidence that relies on or has been derived from the insights of the great thinkers of history D evidence that violates common sense or popular opinion Answer B Explanation B Empirical findings are gathered by careful observation experimentation and measurement Section Chapter Introduction Psychology is the study of A behaviour and mental processes B the mind of humans and other animals C mental health and illness D the human mind Answer A Explanation A Psychology is the discipline concerned with understanding behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state mental state and external environment The other choices are only a part of psychology Section Chapter Introduction The term psychology is often represented by the Greek letter A chi B alpha C psi D gamma Answer C Explanation C Statement of fact Section Chapter Introduction Psychobabble is defined as A an innate mental module that allows young children to develop language B pseudoscience covered by a veneer of psychological language C incoherent speech linked by remote associations called word salads D a child's first word combinations that omit unnecessary words Answer B Explanation B Psychobabble is defined as pseudoscience covered by a veneer of psychological language It is not based on empirical findings Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Psychobabble is defined as A pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological language B the tendency of television news shows to misinterpret significant psychological findings C attempts to explain and predict human behaviour through a person's astrological sign D the prediction of behaviour by a past-lives channeller based on experiences in a former life Answer A Explanation A Psychobabble is defined as pseudoscience covered by a veneer of psychological language It is not based on empirical findings Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Psychology differs from pseudoscience and psychobabble in all of the following ways EXCEPT A psychology but not pseudoscience is based on research evidence B pseudoscience but not psychology promises easy fixes to life's problems C psychology confirms our existing beliefs and prejudices while pseudoscience often challenges them D the predictions of pseudoscience tend to be so vague as to be meaningless Answer C Explanation C Psychobabble is defined as pseudoscience covered by a veneer of psychological language Psychology on the other hand is based on empirical findings does not promise easy fixes to life's problems and proposes only specific testable hypotheses rather than vague predictions Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Ali's mother asks her to describe what she is learning in her psychology class Ali responds by saying I can give you an example about psychology Which of the following gives the most accurate view of psychology A Turning on the radio to hear a call-in talk show facilitated by a therapist B Watching a television talk show together to listen to psychological explanations of abnormal behaviour C Taking a self-help book off the shelf and reading about human motivation D Picking up the newspaper and showing her mom an article based on empirical research Answer D Explanation D Psychology is based on empirical research Radio and television talk shows and self-help books are more likely to be pop psych or psychobabble that is pseudoscience covered by a veneer of psychological language Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion The first week of college is difficult for Drew because his girlfriend is attending college in another province His roommate says Don't worry Drew you know that absence makes the heart grow fonder Drew bases his response on the chapter he just completed in his psychology textbook saying A Thanks for reminding me Research almost always confirms the accuracy of common sense sayings B Read this book It is obvious from psychological research that common sense sayings are seldom accurate when put to the tests of science C Common sense sayings often contradict one another Remember the saying Out of sight out of mind D That doesn't help much That saying was derived from empirical research and cannot be applied to everyday life Answer C Explanation C Psychology is based on empirical research while common sense sayings are based on anecdote or intuition and may or may not be true Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion What percentage of Americans and Canadians believe in astrology A B C D Answer B Explanation B Between one-third and one-half of Americans and Canadians believe in astrology according to DeRobertis Delaney Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Important psychological findings are ones that A confirm what people commonly believe B violate popular opinion C are surprising to the research community D deepen the understanding of our familiar world Answer D Explanation D Important psychological findings are ones that deepen our understanding of an already familiar world as well as discover new phenomena Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion In Taylor and Kowalski's study of introductory psychology students the students took a quiz about popular opinion versus research evidence They learned one of the most important lessons in science which is A most misconceptions about psychology are actually true B common sense statements are primarily based in fact C uncertainty about beliefs can be a good thing D evidence gathered by careful observation is often completely false Answer C Explanation C Psychology is based on empirical research whereas common sense sayings and misconceptions are based on anecdote or intuition and may or may not be true Evidence gathered by careful observation is sound Type MC Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Critical thinking may be defined as A negative thinking when trying to solve a problem B using insight to assess claims made by researchers C using evidence to make objective judgments D detecting emotional cues to find hidden agendas Answer C Explanation C Critical thinking is the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion and anecdote Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology The ability to make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons rather than emotion or anecdote is called A applied psychology B basic psychology C critical thinking D trained introspection Answer C Explanation C A definition of critical thinking is the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion and anecdote Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinking involves all of the following EXCEPT A looking for flaws in arguments B weighing the evidence supporting a claim C thinking of implications of research findings D accepting all opinions as having equal merit Answer D Explanation D Critical thinking includes the ability to be creative and constructive to come up with alternative explanations for events to think of implications of research findings and to apply new knowledge to social and personal problems Opinions that ignore reality and empirical evidence are not equal to other opinions Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Which of the following is NOT one of the eight essential critical-thinking guidelines A Avoid overly complicated explanations B Tolerate uncertainty C Examine the evidence D Avoid emotional reasoning Answer A Explanation A One of the critical-thinking guidelines is to avoid oversimplification so avoiding overly complicated explanations is wrong The other choices are correct guidelines to critical thinking Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers try to A use anecdotes to support their arguments B settle arguments based on emotional convictions C identify unspoken assumptions and make them explicit D look for evidence that confirms their viewpoints Answer C Explanation C Critical thinkers try to identify unspoken assumptions and biases while they do not rely on anecdotes or emotional convictions or look only for evidence that confirms their viewpoints Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Can I recall events from my childhood accurately This question illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines A Avoid emotional reasoning B Don't oversimplify C Tolerate uncertainty D Ask questions and be willing to wonder Answer D Explanation D This is an example of asking questions and being willing to wonder an important basis for critical thinking Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology The authors note that trigger s creative thinking A attending class and reading textbooks B being as open-minded as possible C receiving wisdom from experts D curiosity and wonder Answer D Explanation D The disposition to be curious and to wonder is a trigger mechanism for creative thinking Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology If you are a critical thinker reading a psychology textbook should be approached as A receiving wisdom from expert researchers B an opportunity to generate questions C a tool for self-analysis D a way to reduce your uncertainties Answer B Explanation B Reading a psychology textbook or any textbook should be approached as a way of generating questions not seeking answers Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology The local newspaper reports that bullying is rampant and that more than of local children have been bullied The school district newsletter however reports that the number of victims of bullying is quite low It is most likely that A the school district is covering up the severity of the problem B each source is defining bullying in a different way C the local newspaper is using sensational journalism to sell papers D each source is making up their own statistics Answer B Explanation B Both reports might be correct depending on how they define bullying Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Beliefs that are taken for granted are called A assumptions B traits C reinforcers D archetypes Answer A Explanation A An assumption is a belief that is taken for granted Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology A critical thinker would be LEAST likely to exclaim in the heat of an argument A Haven't you given thought to all the other possibilities B That is hard for me to believe where did you hear it C I'm willing to search for a creative solution if you are D That is my opinion and nothing is going to change it Answer D Explanation D Critical thinkers are open-minded and willing to change their opinion if the evidence justifies a change Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers analyze their assumptions Which of the following critical-thinking errors illustrates that the speaker has not analyzed his or her assumptions A Men are less emotional than women it is part of a man's basic nature to be logical rather than emotional B I don't want to see that movie my roommate said that it was so boring she left the theatre before it ended C What do you mean you don't know why I'm getting these headaches you're a doctor so find the problem and fix it D How can you be a professor of psychology if you don't know what causes a person to develop schizophrenia Answer A Explanation A The belief that men are less emotional and more logical than women is an assumption it is not based on empirical evidence Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology I've always thought that memory was like a video camera accurately recording each moment of my life But maybe I think this because it is so reassuring This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines A Avoid emotional reasoning B Analyze assumptions and biases C Define your terms D Ask questions and be willing to wonder Answer B Explanation B Viewing memory as a video camera is an assumption In this example the speaker is analyzing that assumption Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology The reaction to the book The Nurture Assumption by Judith Rich Harris illustrates what can happen when A authors without appropriate credentials write about psychological topics B book authors rely too heavily on emotional reasoning C book authors fail to examine the evidence D our common biases are challenged Answer D Explanation D Because the book challenged a widespread bias it immediately provoked scorn Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinking requires A creativity in order to construct alternative explanations B the knowledge that all opinions are created equal C being as open-minded as possible D soaking up knowledge like a sponge Answer A Explanation A Critical thinking includes the ability to be creative and constructive the ability to come up with alternative explanations for events think of implications of research findings and apply new knowledge to social and personal problems Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Randy meets a Calgarian who grows all her own vegetables and refuses to touch any nonorganic food and he concludes that Calgarians are overzealous about nutrition This type of error illustrates the critical-thinking guideline A don't oversimplify B define your terms C be willing to wonder D ask questions Answer A Explanation A This is an example of argument by anecdote or generalizing from a personal experience a common form of oversimplification Randy bases his statement on only one anecdote Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology I really want to believe that my memory of the day I spent at Disneyland as a preschooler is true but that doesn't mean that it is true This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines A Examine the evidence B Define your terms C Don't oversimplify D Avoid emotional reasoning Answer D Explanation D Wanting to believe something is emotional reasoning The speaker is trying to avoid emotional reasoning Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology I want to believe that my memory of our family camping trip is true but that doesn't mean that it is true This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines A Avoid emotional reasoning B Define your terms C Don't oversimplify D Examine the evidence Answer A Explanation A Wanting to believe something is emotional reasoning The speaker is trying to avoid emotional reasoning Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Which of the following would be an example of argument by anecdote A My gut feeling is that it isn't the right time to get married B I don't want to see that movie because my best friend says that it is terrible C That is my opinion and nothing is going to change my mind D What evidence is there to support your claim Answer B Explanation B Basing a decision on only one individual report is an example of argument by anecdote Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology My memory of getting knocked down by a wave at Long Beach could be based on what my parents told me later not my own recollection This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines A Define your terms B Ask questions and be willing to wonder C Consider other interpretations D Don't oversimplify Answer C Explanation C This is an example of considering other possible interpretations Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Cheryl wants to know why one member of an identical twin pair develops schizophrenia whereas his twin does not Her professor replies Researchers aren't sure Which of the following is most likely according to our textbook A The professor is demonstrating that sometimes we must tolerate uncertainty B The professor is being evasive because he doesn't accept the current theory C The professor does not know how to respond because the theories on this topic change so quickly D The professor needs time to consider various interpretations of the research Answer A Explanation A At times there is not enough evidence to support a particular explanation so it is necessary to tolerate uncertainty Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology I may never know for sure whether my memory of my first visit to the ocean is accurate This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines A Tolerate uncertainty B Analyze assumptions and biases C Define your terms D Ask questions and be willing to wonder Answer A Explanation A At times there is not enough evidence to support a particular explanation so it is necessary to tolerate uncertainty Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology In ruling out alternative explanations of a phenomenon a critical thinker should choose the explanation that A requires the highest number of assumptions B requires the fewest assumptions and has the most supporting evidence C most people tend to agree with D matches your feelings about the phenomenon Answer B Explanation B A critical thinker prefers those alternatives that require fewer assumptions and have the most supporting evidence Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology If you are a critical thinker reading a psychology textbook should be approached as A receiving wisdom from expert researchers B an opportunity to generate questions C a tool for self-analysis D a way to reduce your uncertainties Answer B Explanation B Reading a psychology textbook or any textbook should be approached as a way of generating questions not seeking answers Type MC Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Phrenology is A a theory of mind based on anecdotes and individual case studies B the study of the minds of criminals C based on the writings of John Locke D a pseudoscience relating bumps on the head to personality traits Answer D Explanation D Phrenology is a pseudoscientific theory that relates bumps on the head to personality traits Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The individuals who were forerunners of modern psychology often had insights that were verified by later work Which of the following is an accurate insight A Unhappy memories are repressed and then accurately recalled years later B People become sad because of their explanations of events not because of the actual events C When children who have been physically abused become adults they will be abusive toward their own children D Character traits can be determined when a trained specialist feels the bumps on a person's skull Answer B Explanation B Current research has confirmed the Stoic philosophers' belief that people become sad as a result of their explanation of events Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Great thinkers throughout history have wanted to add to human knowledge and to increase happiness Like today's psychologists they wanted to describe behaviour Contemporary psychologists however approach these issues in a different way by relying heavily upon A empirical evidence B anecdotes from personal experience C philosophy D phrenology Answer A Explanation A Contemporary psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence whereas some of the great thinkers of history relied more on observations based on anecdotes or on descriptions of a few individuals Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Ancient scholars in contrast to modern psychologists were more likely to explore human nature through A careful observation in naturalistic settings B experimentation C trained introspection D insights inferred from anecdotes Answer D Explanation D Contemporary psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence whereas some of the great thinkers of history relied more on observations based on anecdotes or on descriptions of a few individuals Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory A manuscript about human nature is discovered and scientists confirm that it is the work of an ancient scholar In contrast to the writings of modern psychologists this manuscript is more likely to explore human nature through A careful observation in naturalistic settings B experimentation C trained introspection D insights inferred from anecdotes Answer D Explanation D Contemporary psychologists rely heavily on empirical evidence whereas some of the great thinkers of history relied more on observations based on anecdotes or on descriptions of a few individuals Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The brain is the ultimate source of our pleasures and joys as well as our sorrows and pains According to the text this knowledge was evident as early as A BC B AD C AD D AD Answer A Explanation A The Greek physician Hippocrates c BC c BC made this observation Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory In the early s the theory of phrenology was developed by A Wilhelm Wundt B William James C Joseph Gall D Sigmund Freud Answer C Explanation C Joseph Gall developed the pseudoscientific theory of phrenology in the early s Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The theory of phrenology was developed by A Hippocrates B Aristotle C Joseph Gall D William James Answer C Explanation C Joseph Gall developed the pseudoscientific theory of phrenology in the early s Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Andi claims that phrenology was a pseudoscience rather than a science The best support for her opinion is the fact that the theory wasn't empirically testable because A when phrenologists found large stealing bumps but the person was not a thief they concluded that other bumps held this characteristic in check B most of the phrenologists received inadequate training in the careful analysis of head bumps and so there was too much variation for accurate prediction C the phrenologists relied heavily on the theories of the British naturalist Charles Darwin and yet they could not link the bumps to evolutionary adaptation D when bumps did not accurately explain a person's characteristics the phrenologists explained the contradiction by hypothesizing traumatic childhood experiences Answer A Explanation A Phrenologists explained inconsistencies by claiming the existence of other traits that counteracted the inconsistency Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Enthusiasm for did not disappear until well into the twentieth century even though it was a classic pseudoscience A introspection B functionalism C phrenology D behaviourism Answer C Explanation C Enthusiasm for phrenology did not disappear until well into the twentieth century Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Psychology as a formal discipline originated A with the writings of John Locke B in the early s C in the late s D early in the twentieth century Answer C Explanation C Psychology as a scientific discipline is traced back to when Wilhelm Wundt established the first scientific laboratory for the study of psychological phenomena Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Wilhelm Wundt is best known for A establishing the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig Germany B writing books on ethics and logic C establishing phrenology as a science D training doctors to treat mental illness Answer A Explanation A Wilhelm Wundt is often referred to as the father of modern psychology because he established the first scientific laboratory for the study of psychological phenomena in Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The formal movement to make psychology a science began in when the first official psychological laboratory was established in Leipzig Germany A B C D Answer C Explanation C Psychology as a scientific discipline is traced back to when Wilhelm Wundt established the first scientific laboratory for the study of psychological phenomena Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory is revered by psychologists because he was the first person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science A Wilhelm Wundt B William James C Sigmund Freud D Joseph Gall Answer A Explanation A In Wilhelm Wundt made the statement that he intended to make psychology a science Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory is revered by psychologists because he was the first person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science A Ren Descartes B Aristotle C Sigmund Freud D Wilhelm Wundt Answer D Explanation D In Wilhelm Wundt made the statement that he intended to make psychology a science Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Our authors note that is revered by psychologists because his laboratory was the first to have its results published in a scholarly journal A Aristotle B John Locke C Wilhelm Wundt D Joseph Gall Answer C Explanation C Wilhelm Wundt who established the first scientific laboratory for the study of psychological phenomena in was also the first to publish his results in a scholarly journal Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Researchers in Wundt's laboratory would be most likely to study A learning B personality C abnormal psychology D perception Answer D Explanation D Researchers in Wundt's lab focused on the study of sensation perception reaction times imagery and attention They did not study learning personality or abnormal behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Horst applies to work in the laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt in order to A study learning and how different rewards influence it B do research on split personalities and on individuals suffering from personality disorders C learn why people use defence mechanisms D analyze his sensations into their basic elements Answer D Explanation D Researchers in Wundt's lab focused on the study of sensation perception reaction times imagery and attention They did not study learning personality or abnormal behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Hahn's interest in led him to study under Wilhelm Wundt A learning B attention C personality D abnormal behaviour Answer B Explanation B Researchers in Wundt's lab focused on the study of sensation perception reaction times imagery and attention They did not study learning personality or abnormal behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory At the close of the nineteenth century Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to A analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements B determine the function or purpose of a particular human behaviour C listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness D carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine her or his character traits Answer A Explanation A Researchers in Wundt's lab were trained to observe the basic elements of the mind through studies of sensation and perception Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Heller is pleased because his mentor Wilhelm Wundt has said that Heller has completed enough practice observations and will be able to participate in an actual study Wundt required Heller to complete practice observations A B C D Answer D Explanation D Wundt required about practice introspections before a subject could participate in an actual experiment Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory As one of Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspectors Hackett just participated in a second experiment According to our text reporting his inner experiences of the experiment would take Hackett about A minutes B minutes C hours D days Answer B Explanation B Trained subjects would take as long as minutes to report their inner experiences during a -second experiment Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory In North America Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students who gave Wundt's approach the name structuralism A Sigmund Freud B John Watson C William James D E B Titchener Answer D Explanation D E B Titchener popularized Wundt's methods in North America and gave Wundt's approach the name structuralism Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory In North America Wilhelm Wundt's ideas were popularized by one of his students E B Titchener who gave Wundt's approach the name A structuralism B psychoanalysis C functionalism D behaviourism Answer A Explanation A E B Titchener popularized Wundt's methods in North America and gave Wundt's approach the name structuralism Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology used the method of introspection A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer B Explanation B E B Titchener popularized Wundt's method of introspection in North America and gave Wundt's approach the name structuralism Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology tried to identify the basic elements of sensations images and feelings A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer B Explanation B E B Titchener popularized Wundt's methods in North America and gave Wundt's approach the name structuralism The goal of structuralism was to identify the basic elements of the mind Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory A person is asked to break down all the different components of taste when biting into an orange This type of research would be typical in which of the following schools of psychology A psychoanalysis B functionalism C behaviourism D structuralism Answer D Explanation D Breaking down all the different components of a perception such as taste is what is involved in Wundt's method of introspection which was a part of structuralism Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory A person is asked to listen to the clicking of a metronome and then to report exactly what she heard This type of research would be typical in which of the following schools of psychology A psychoanalysis B functionalism C behaviourism D structuralism Answer D Explanation D Breaking down all the different components of a perception is what is involved in Wundt's method of introspection which was a part of structuralism Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline three schools of psychological thought became popular The school of soon faded from psychology A functionalism B structuralism C psychoanalysis D behaviourism Answer B Explanation B Structuralism disappeared as a formal discipline early in the history of psychology Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Psychology has been a science for more than years A B C D Answer A Explanation A Psychology was established as a science with the founding of Wundt's lab in more than years ago Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Psychology as a science is about years old A B C D Answer B Explanation B Psychology was established as a science with the founding of Wundt's lab in more than years ago Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The approach known as structuralism was most concerned with the of mental contents A how B why C what D when Answer C Explanation C Structuralists emphasized the analysis of the experience into basic elements Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The essential difference between structuralists and functionalists is that structuralists focused on the of behaviour where as functionalists focused on the of behaviour A analysis and description function and purpose B function and purpose analysis and description C unconscious aspects conscious aspects D causes and consequences basic elements Answer A Explanation A Structuralists focused on the what or the description of the behaviour while functionalists focused on the why or function of the behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Freud likened the human mind to a an of which only the represent s our conscious awareness A mountain peak B stream waves C iceberg visible tip D hand fingertips Answer C Explanation C Freud argued that our conscious experience is like the visible tip of an iceberg Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Freud is to the study of as James is to the study of A dreams behaviour B experimental psychology applied psychology C unconscious structure D unconscious function Answer D Explanation D One of functionalism's leaders was William James while Freud is the founder of psychoanalysis Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory An early approach to scientific psychology called emphasized the purpose of behaviour A structuralism B psychoanalysis C functionalism D introspection Answer C Explanation C Structuralism was replaced by functionalism which focused more on the purpose of behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory An early approach to scientific psychology called emphasized the purpose of behaviour A Stoic philosophy B psychoanalysis C functionalism D phrenology Answer C Explanation C Structuralism was replaced by functionalism which focused more on the purpose of behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology emphasized the purpose of behaviour A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer C Explanation C Structuralism was replaced by functionalism which focused more on the purpose of behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Several middle-school girls watch their classmates Jon and Jason engage in a rough-and-tumble wrestling match The attention of the girls seems to intensify the boys' play A psychologist trained in the functionalist perspective would wonder A which psychosexual stage is evoked by the presence of the girls B do these boys have smaller head bumps devoted to cautiousness than most boys C what is the purpose of rough-and-tumble play in the adaptive changes of early adolescence D did these boys experience childhood traumas that unconsciously cause aggression Answer C Explanation C Functionalism focused on the purpose of behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory According to attempting to grasp the nature of the mind through introspection is like seizing a spinning top to catch its motion A William James B Wilhelm Wundt C Sigmund Freud D E B Titchener Answer A Explanation A William James wrote that introspection is like seizing a spinning top to catch its motion Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory According to attempting to grasp the nature of the mind through introspection is like trying to turn up the gas lights in order to see how the darkness looks A William James B Wilhelm Wundt C Sigmund Freud D E B Titchener Answer A Explanation A William James wrote that introspection is like trying to turn up the gas quickly enough to see how the darkness looks Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Structuralists asked when an organism does something whereas functionalists asked A why something happens how something happens B how something happens why something happens C what happens how something happens D why something happens what happens Answer C Explanation C Structuralism which focused on what takes place in the mind was replaced by functionalism which focused more on how and why something happens Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Structuralists asked when a person experiences something A why something happens B how something happens C what happens D whether anger is evoked Answer C Explanation C Structuralism which focused on what takes place in the mind was replaced by functionalism which focused more on how and why something happens Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology was influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer C Explanation C Functionalism was strongly influenced by the theories of Charles Darwin who emphasized explanation not only description Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology tried to explain how specific behaviours and mental processes help a person adapt to the environment A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer C Explanation C Functionalism focused on explaining the purpose of behaviour and the way various behaviours allow an organism to adapt to the environment Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Emelyn a class of college graduate wants to pursue a graduate career in psychology in order to study the ways that various actions help a person adapt to the environment The psychological approach of best matches Emelyn's interests A Wilhelm Wundt B William James C Sigmund Freud D Joseph Gall Answer B Explanation B Functionalism focused on explaining the purpose of behaviour and the way various behaviours allow an organism to adapt to the environment Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline three schools of psychological thought became popular The school of soon disappeared as a separate school but continued to influence the field of psychology A functionalism B structuralism C psychoanalysis D behaviourism Answer A Explanation A Functionalism as a formal discipline did not last long but it's emphasis on causes and consequences of behaviour did continue to greatly influence the developing field of psychology Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The person who set the course of psychological science by emphasizing the causes and consequences of behaviour was A Joseph Gall B Wilhelm Wundt C Sigmund Freud D William James Answer D Explanation D Functionalism led by William James did not last long but its emphasis on causes and consequences of behaviour did continue to greatly influence the developing field of psychology Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory An obscure neurologist in Vienna Austria came to the conclusion that his patients' symptoms had mental rather than physical causes From this insight his broad theory of personality evolved The neurologist was A Wilhelm Wundt B William James C Sigmund Freud D Joseph Gall Answer C Explanation C Sigmund Freud a Viennese neurologist focused on mental causes of his patients' symptoms Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Sigmund Freud began his career as A a student of Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig Germany B a trained introspectionist under E B Titchener C an obscure neurologist working out of his own office D an experienced phrenologist interested in the human mind Answer C Explanation C Sigmund Freud began his career as a neurologist in Vienna Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer D Explanation D Psychoanalysis emphasized the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory According to no person can keep a secret because even if the lips are silent he chatters with his fingertips and betrayal oozes out of him at every pore A Wilhelm Wundt B William James C Sigmund Freud D Joseph Gall Answer C Explanation C This is a statement attributed to Sigmund Freud who emphasized how the unconscious mind influences our behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which of the following is a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy emphasizing unconscious motives and conflicts A functionalism B phrenology C trained introspection D psychoanalysis Answer D Explanation D Psychoanalysis is both a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Psychoanalysis is defined as A a theory of personality that emphasizes the awareness of one's own cognitive processes B a theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts C a method of psychotherapy in which an observer carefully records and interprets behaviour without interfering with the behaviour D a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes how maladaptive behaviours are learned through imitations of others and through cognitive expectations Answer B Explanation B Psychoanalysis is a theory of personality emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which of the following statements is TRUE A Sigmund Freud's first book The Interpretation of Dreams was an overnight bestseller when it was published in B Sigmund Freud argued that many of his patients had symptoms due to physical rather than mental causes C Sigmund Freud's concepts had a profound influence on the philosophy literature and art of the twentieth century D Although Sigmund Freud's concepts were at first rejected by most empirically oriented psychologists Freudian concepts were eventually accepted by the scientific community Answer C Explanation C Freud had a profound influence on philosophy literature and art even though his concepts were not readily accepted by the scientific community and his books were not popular during his lifetime Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which school of thought in psychology evolved into an elaborate theory of personality and method of psychotherapy A phrenology B structuralism C functionalism D psychoanalysis Answer D Explanation D Psychoanalysis is both a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline three schools of psychological thought became popular The school of remains alive today despite passionate debate about whether it belongs in scientific psychology at all A functionalism B structuralism C psychoanalysis D phrenology Answer C Explanation C Psychoanalysis which is also referred to as the psychodynamic approach is still an important but highly debated perspective in psychology today Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Despite its profound influence many of the concepts that came out of the early school of were and still are rejected by the majority of empirically oriented psychologists A functionalism B structuralism C psychoanalysis D phrenology Answer C Explanation C Psychoanalysis is still an important but highly debated perspective in psychology today Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Which modern psychological perspective has strongly encouraged precision and objectivity in psychology A cognitive B learning C sociocultural D psychodynamic Answer B Explanation B The learning perspective emphasizing the role of environment and of consequences in determining our behaviour focuses on objectivity and precise measurement of behaviour Type MC Section Psychology s Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The five lenses that predominate in psychology today are the A biological learning cognitive sociocultural and psychodynamic B biological learning cognitive humanistic and feminist C learning cognitive psychodynamic humanistic and evolutionary D learning cognitive humanistic feminist and evolutionary Answer A Explanation A These five approaches reflect different explanations of human behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A researcher who is investigating the possibility that some mental illnesses have a genetic basis is most likely being guided by the perspective A sociocultural B biological C psychodynamic D learning Answer B Explanation B The biological perspective focuses on how behaviour is influenced by bodily events Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Professor Brown approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events associated with actions feelings and thoughts It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches A biological B learning C cognitive D sociocultural Answer A Explanation A The biological perspective emphasizes bodily events associated with actions feelings and thoughts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective focuses on bodily events and their effects on behaviour feelings and thoughts A the biological perspective B the cognitive perspective C the evolutionary perspective D the psychodynamic perspective Answer A Explanation A The biological perspective emphasizes bodily events associated with actions feelings and thoughts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Donald Hebb of McGill University argued that all behavioural and mental phenomena arise as a result of physical activity within the brain that is reflective of which of the following perspectives A biological B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer A Explanation A Donald Hebb argued that all behaviour is the result of physical changes within the nervous system Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Cognitive researchers have contributed to psychology by A linking our evolutionary history to the functions of human behaviours today B sticking to the observable aspects of human behaviour C devising methods for inferring mental processes from observable behaviour D improving on the method of introspection by making it more objective Answer C Explanation C Cognitive researchers used clever methods to study phenomena not easily observable Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A researcher is interested in how infants think about and perceive their world It is most likely this researcher is working from within the perspective A biological B learning C cognitive D sociocultural Answer C Explanation C Cognitive researchers emphasize mental processes even in infants Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern perspective in psychology is most like functionalism A the biological perspective B the cognitive perspective C the evolutionary perspective D the psychodynamic perspective Answer C Explanation C The evolutionary perspective like functionalism emphasizes the purpose of behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Evolutionary psychology is a part of which modern psychological perspective A the biological perspective B the cognitive perspective C the sociocultural perspective D the psychodynamic perspective Answer A Explanation A The evolutionary perspective is part of the biological perspective Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Mark has a strong desire to quit smoking A psychologist from the biological perspective would try to help by A delivering a shock to Mark's wrist just as he inhales B probing Mark's unconscious need for oral fulfillment C finding a drug that reduces Mark's craving for nicotine D emphasizing that smoking is a decision that Mark can control Answer C Explanation C The biological perspective emphasizes bodily events associated with actions feelings and thoughts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Professor King approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes the rewards and punishments that maintain certain specific behaviours He does not invoke the mind to explain behaviour but sticks to what he can observe and measure directly It is most likely that he accepts which of the following psychological approaches A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer B Explanation B The learning perspective emphasizes the role of consequences such as reward and punishment in determining our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective is concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person's actions A cognitive B learning C sociocultural D psychodynamic Answer B Explanation B The learning perspective emphasizes how environmental events such as reward and punishment determine our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Behaviourism is a part of which modern psychological perspective A cognitive B learning C sociocultural D psychodynamic Answer B Explanation B Behaviourism is a part of the learning perspective emphasizing the role of environment and of consequences in determining our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Dr Mannisto is a behaviourist who is studying the causes of excessive violence among some hockey players She is likely to consider whether A the more aggressive players have experienced brain injuries B there is a reward for players who engage in excessive violence C the more aggressive players experienced emotional abuse in childhood D the cultural values and rules have shaped hockey players to become more violent than in the past Answer B Explanation B Behaviourism is a part of the learning perspective emphasizing the role of environment and of consequences in determining our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The term behaviourist is most closely associated with which of the following perspectives A learning B social-cognitive C cognitive D sociocultural Answer A Explanation A Behaviourism is a part of the learning perspective emphasizing the role of environment and of consequences in determining our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The term behaviourist is most closely associated with which of the following perspectives A learning B phrenology C structuralism D functionalism Answer A Explanation A Behaviourism is a part of the learning perspective emphasizing the role of environment and of consequences in determining our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective has strongly encouraged precision and objectivity in psychology A cognitive B learning C sociocultural D psychodynamic Answer B Explanation B The learning perspective emphasizing the role of environment and of consequences in determining our behaviour focuses on objectivity and precise measurement of behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist is likely to remind us of the importance of the impact other people can have on our behaviour A cognitive B biological C behavioural D sociocultural Answer D Explanation D The sociocultural approach emphasizes the impact of people social context and culture on our behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Professor Ashmore approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes how people reason remember understand language and solve problems It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches A biological B learning C cognitive D sociocultural Answer C Explanation C The cognitive perspective emphasizes how people reason remember use language and solve problems Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective looks at how people reason solve problems and understand language A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer C Explanation C The cognitive perspective emphasizes how people reason remember use language and solve problems Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective shows how people's thoughts and experiences affect their actions feelings and choices A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer C Explanation C As well as emphasizing how people reason remember use language and solve problems the cognitive perspective examines the effects of a person's thoughts on his or her behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective focuses on the intricate workings of the mind A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer C Explanation C The cognitive perspective emphasizes how people reason remember use language and solve problems All of these are functions of the mind Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Professor West approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual such as inner forces or conflicts It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer D Explanation D The psychodynamic perspective focuses on unconscious influences on a person's actions Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective focuses on how our behaviour is influenced by people in our environment A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer A Explanation A The sociocultural perspective focuses on the impact of other people of the social context and of cultural rules on nearly everything we do Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective had its origin in Freud's ideas A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer D Explanation D The psychodynamic perspective is derived from Freud's theory of psychoanalysis Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious influence on behaviour A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer D Explanation D The psychodynamic perspective focuses on unconscious influences on a person's actions Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture According to the psychodynamic perspective human behaviour is understood by A careful introspection and reflection on sensations and thoughts B examining the causes and consequences of behaviour C studying the nervous system and the dynamics of the brain D looking at unconscious forces conflicts and instincts Answer D Explanation D The psychodynamic perspective focuses on unconscious influences on a person's actions Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective fits as well in philosophy or literature as psychology A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer D Explanation D Freud's theory of psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic perspective derived from it have had a profound influence on philosophy and literature as well as on psychology Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which modern psychological perspective is most controversial A sociocultural B learning C cognitive D psychodynamic Answer D Explanation D The psychodynamic perspective is the most controversial of the modern psychological perspectives and is not accepted by many empirically oriented psychologists Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Which movement emerged in the s A the humanist movement B the behaviourist movement C the feminist movement D the cognitive movement Answer A Explanation A The humanist perspective emerged in the s as a reaction to the psychodynamic and behaviourist perspectives Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist argues that human behaviour is not determined by inner conflicts nor controlled by external forces but rather that humans are capable of free will and personal growth It is likely that this psychologist has been influenced by A the sociocultural perspective B the cognitive perspective C the social-cognitive learning perspective D humanistic psychology Answer D Explanation D Humanist psychology emphasizes personal growth and achievement Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Humanist psychology primarily arose as a reaction to A the biological and learning perspectives B the psychodynamic perspective C the cognitive and sociocultural perspectives D psychoanalysis and behaviourism Answer D Explanation D Humanist psychology emphasizes that humans are capable of free will and personal growth Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Humanism developed in part as a reaction against which two perspectives A the cognitive and learning perspectives B the behaviourist and psychodynamic perspectives C the sociocultural and cognitive perspectives D The biological and behaviourist perspectives Answer B Explanation B Humanism rejected the psychodynamic perspective as too pessimistic and the learning perspective as too mechanistic and mindless Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The humanist psychologists A believed that people were not capable of free will B regarded the psychoanalytic approach as too pessimistic C overlooked human resilience and creativity D believed that our behaviour is determined by other people Answer B Explanation B Humanism rejected the psychodynamic perspective as too pessimistic Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Although feminist psychology has greatly improved the field of psychology there are some concerns that A other groups will be ignored in psychological research B the traditional male bias in psychology may be replaced with a new female bias C the influence of social inequities on gender relations will deepen D male psychology will no longer be an important area of research in psychology Answer B Explanation B Critics are concerned that a male bias in research has been replaced by a female bias Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The feminist movement in psychology was important because it A noted that white rats were not appropriate research subjects B introduced bias into psychological research C forced graduate schools in psychology to open their doors to women D pushed psychology to become more inclusive Answer D Explanation D The feminist movement forced psychology to become more inclusive not only of women but also of other racial and ethnic groups Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Most psychologists who do research have the following degree A PhD B PsyD C EdD D MA Answer A Explanation A Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do A psychologist doing might ask How are people's memories influenced by suggestion A psychologist doing might ask How reliable are the memories of eyewitnesses in a criminal trial A basic research applied research B applied research basic research C applied research pure research D applied research experimental research Answer A Explanation A Basic research focuses on the acquisition of knowledge while applied research attempts to use that basic knowledge to solve human problems Section What Psychologists Do It is typically the work of the psychologist that tends to be LEAST understood by the general public A clinical B counselling C school D research Answer D Explanation D Research psychology is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public Section What Psychologists Do A difference between basic research and applied research is that A basic research involves experimentation and applied research involves psychiatry B basic research studies physical processes and applied research studies mental processes C basic research studies animals and applied research studies humans D the goal of basic research is simply to acquire knowledge while that of applied research is to solve practical problems Answer D Explanation D Basic research focuses on the acquisition of knowledge while applied research attempts to use that basic knowledge to solve human problems Section What Psychologists Do is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public A Research psychology B Clinical psychology C Applied psychology D Educational psychology Answer A Explanation A According to Ludy Benjamin research psychology is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public Section What Psychologists Do Research psychologists who examine the electrical activity of the brain during an auditory discrimination task would be considered a an A educational psychologist B developmental psychologist C industrial-organizational psychologist D experimental psychologist Answer D Explanation D Experimental psychologists conduct laboratory studies of learning physiology sensation and perception Section What Psychologists Do A psychologist studies how people grow and change over their lifespans This psychologist is MOST likely to be a an A experimental psychologist B developmental psychologist C educational psychologist D industrial-organizational psychologist Answer B Explanation B Developmental psychologists study how people change and grow over time Section What Psychologists Do Research psychologists who examine the effect of employee morale on workplace productivity would be considered a an A educational psychologist B developmental psychologist C industrial-organizational psychologist D psychometric psychologist Answer C Explanation C Industrial-organizational psychologists study behaviour in the workplace including employee morale and motivation Section What Psychologists Do Research psychologists who are interested in designing a more efficient computer keyboard would be considered a an A experimental psychologist B developmental psychologist C industrial-organizational psychologist D psychometric psychologist Answer C Explanation C Industrial-organizational psychologists study behaviour in the workplace including equipment design Section What Psychologists Do A psychologist is interested in developing a new personality test that will yield information about a person's happiness and optimism It is MOST likely that this psychologist is a an A experimental psychologist B developmental psychologist C industrial-organizational psychologist D psychometric psychologist Answer D Explanation D Psychometric psychologists design and evaluate a variety of psychological tests Section What Psychologists Do The following provinces require that individuals who call themselves psychologists possess a doctorate degree in psychology A Ontario Alberta British Columbia B British Columbia Ontario Alberta C Alberta Quebec Ontario D Manitoba Ontario British Columbia Answer D Explanation D The regulation of psychological practice in Canada is the responsibility of the province Section What Psychologists Do Since the late s the proportion of psychologists who are has steadily increased today account for more than half of all psychologists in Canada A practitioners psychoanalysts B researchers school psychologists C practitioners practitioners D researchers researchers Answer C Explanation C The number of practitioners has steadily increased accounting for more than half of all psychologists in Canada Section What Psychologists Do After Jean completed her graduate work she was licensed as a clinical psychologist Her graduate training had focused on professional practice and she completed a literature review rather than a dissertation Jean's advanced degree is likely to be a an A PhD B PsyD C MD D EdD Answer B Explanation B The PsyD degree focuses on professional practice and typically does not require a dissertation Section What Psychologists Do Dr McFarland earned her PsyD and is excited to begin her career as a A clinical psychologist B researcher in basic psychology C researcher in applied psychology D school psychologist Answer A Explanation A The PsyD degree focuses on professional practice in clinical psychology and typically does not require a dissertation Currently no programs lead to a PsyD in Canada Section What Psychologists Do The term is unregulated and so the practitioner may have anything from no degree to an advanced professional degree A experimental psychologist B psychotherapist C psychoanalyst D clinical psychologist Answer B Explanation B The term psychotherapist is unregulated and may be used by anyone with or without a specific degree Section What Psychologists Do Margo sees an ad in the Yellow Pages for a psychotherapist Since this practitioner is called a psychotherapist Margo realizes that A the therapist has a PsyD B the therapist has been trained in psychoanalysis C the therapist will take a biological approach to therapy D the therapist may not have a degree at all Answer D Explanation D The term psychotherapist is unregulated and may be used by anyone with or without a specific degree Section What Psychologists Do This person usually earns an MD or a PhD followed by specific training in Freud's treatment in order to treat psychopathology A marriage family and child counsellor B psychotherapist C psychoanalyst D clinical psychologist Answer C Explanation C Psychoanalysts typically have either an MD or a PhD followed by specific training at a psychoanalytic institute Section What Psychologists Do Dr Braun has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin Given this information it is most likely that Dr Braun is a A psychiatrist B psychoanalyst C clinical psychologist D school psychologist Answer A Explanation A Psychiatrists are the only practitioners at present who have an MD and can write prescriptions Section What Psychologists Do Ralph sees an ad in the Yellow Pages for a psychiatrist and realizes that the therapist A must have a PsyD B must have been trained in psychoanalysis C is likely to take a biological approach to therapy D may not have a degree at all Answer C Explanation C Since psychiatrists are MDs they typically take a biological approach to treatment Section What Psychologists Do The term refers to a mental-health professional who generally has at least an MA and who typically treats individual dysfunction and family problems but may also deal with problems such as addiction or abuse A marriage family and child counsellor B psychotherapist C psychoanalyst D clinical psychologist Answer A Explanation A Marriage family and child counsellors usually have a master's degree and focus on individual and family dysfunction rather than severe mental disturbance Section What Psychologists Do The group of mental-health professionals who earn either a PhD a EdD or a PsyD and then diagnose and treat mild and severe mental and emotional problems are called A marriage family and child counsellors B psychotherapists C psychoanalysts D clinical psychologists Answer D Explanation D Clinical psychologists earn a doctoral degree in psychology and then work as practitioners treating mental and emotional problems Section What Psychologists Do Which of the following is NOT a way in which psychologists differ from one another A They have differing perspectives on the causes of behaviour B They earn their living in different ways C They have different goals D They rely on empirical evidence to different degrees Answer D Explanation D All psychologists regardless of specialization or occupation believe in the importance of empirical evidence Section Beyond the Borders There is a growing trend for psychologists to have interests and beliefs that A include aspects of two or more traditional approaches B are in the area of environmental effects on behaviour C are in the area of pseudoscience D are based on observation rather than experimentation Answer A Explanation A It is becoming more and more common for psychologists to use a combination of two or more traditional approaches to psychological theory and therapy Section Beyond the Borders Beyond the borders refers to A psychology as it is practiced in other countries B cross-cultural psychology C understanding the role of gender racial ethnic and cultural bias in past research D cutting edge developments in psychology that cut across traditional specializations Answer D Explanation D Beyond the Borders sections in the text are discussions of cutting edge developments that typically cut across traditional specializations Section Beyond the Borders Regardless of specialty all psychologists share all the following EXCEPT A a belief in the importance of empirical evidence B an interest in the mysteries of human behaviour C an interest in the mysteries of the mind D a belief in either-or thinking Answer D Explanation D All psychologists regardless of specialization or occupation believe in the importance of empirical evidence Section Beyond the Borders Psychology can help you get better grades in all of the following ways EXCEPT A providing simple answers B improving retrieval procedures C helping you develop mnemonics D helping you apply your learning Answer A Explanation Psychology can help you get better grades by using established scientific principles Section Taking Psychology with You Empirical evidence is evidence gathered by careful observation experimentation and measurement Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Chapter Introduction Empirical evidence is evidence gathered by careful reflection on personal experiences Answer FALSE Explanation Empirical evidence is evidence gathered by careful observation experimentation and measurement Section Chapter Introduction The psychology that you study in the textbook closely resembles the popular psychology found in self-help books Answer FALSE Explanation Psychology is based on empirical evidence many self-help books are based on anecdotal evidence Section Chapter Introduction The term psychology is often represented by the Greek letter psi Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Chapter Introduction Psychobabble refers to the fact that infants as young as seven months can derive simple linguistic rules from a string of sounds Answer FALSE Explanation Psychobabble is pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological language Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Psychobabble is pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological language Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Belief in the paranormal is uncommon in scientifically advanced countries Answer FALSE Explanation Even in scientifically advanced countries such as the United States and Canada belief in the paranormal is common Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Our authors note that the credibility of psychics received a blow when one psychic predicted that George Clooney would shortly marry and have a child She was wrong Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion The key to whether or not a psychological finding is important is whether or not the finding is surprising Answer FALSE Explanation The key to whether or not a psychological finding is important is whether or not it is based on empirical evidence and helps to explain behavioural phenomena Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Applied psychology is defined as the ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecdote Answer FALSE Explanation Critical thinking is defined as the ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecdote Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinking is defined as the ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecdote Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers are able to look for flaws in arguments Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers are able to resist claims that have no support Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinking also is referred to as negative thinking Answer FALSE Explanation Critical thinking is not merely negative thinking it is the ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecdote Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers realize that all opinions are created equal Answer FALSE Explanation Opinions and beliefs that ignore reality and empirical evidence are not valid Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers realize that everybody's beliefs are as good as everybody else's Answer FALSE Explanation Opinions and beliefs that ignore reality and empirical evidence are not valid Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinking is not possible until a person has reached adulthood Answer FALSE Explanation Critical thinking requires an ability to think logically which usually develops in adolescence Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Our text suggests that the trigger mechanism for creative thinking is the willingness to wonder Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology The authors of our text suggest that students approach psychology as received wisdom Answer FALSE Explanation Students should approach psychology not only as a source of wisdom but also as a way of thinking and questioning Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Once a general question about human behaviour has been raised the next step is to frame the question in clear and concrete terms Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Assumptions are beliefs that are taken for granted Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers do not make assumptions about how the world works Answer FALSE Explanation Critical thinkers attempt to identify and evaluate unspoken assumptions Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Biases are assumptions that keep us from considering evidence fairly or that cause us to ignore evidence entirely Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Empirical research shows that it is always healthy to vent your anger Answer FALSE Explanation Research suggests that more often than not expressing anger can be detrimental Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Guiding our behaviours on gut feelings is an important aspect of critical thinking Answer FALSE Explanation Critical thinking involves avoiding emotional reasoning or gut feelings Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Argument by anecdote occurs when a person generalizes from a personal experience to everyone Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers are able to come up with alternative explanations for research findings Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers generate as many reasonable explanations of the topic at hand as possible before settling on the most likely one Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinkers prefer explanations that require the fewest assumptions and are supported by the most evidence Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Critical thinking is a process not an accomplishment Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Open-mindedness means that all opinions are created equal Answer FALSE Explanation An opinion that ignores reality is not equal to one grounded in science Type TF Section Thinking Critically and Creatively about Psychology Psychology became a formal discipline in the sixteenth century Answer FALSE Explanation Psychology became a formal discipline in the late eighteenth century Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Scholars of the past who wanted to understand human behaviour tended to rely too heavily on empirical evidence Answer FALSE Explanation Scholars of the past relied too heavily on anecdotes and descriptions of individual cases Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Scholars of the past who wanted to understand human behaviour tended to rely on anecdotes and descriptions of individual cases Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Because they relied on anecdotes rather than experiments the forerunners of modern psychology were always wrong in their description of human behaviour Answer FALSE Explanation In spite of their reliance on anecdotes early scholars often had surprisingly accurate beliefs about human behaviour Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Hippocrates suggested that specific character and personality traits could be read from bumps on the head Answer FALSE Explanation Joseph Gall founded phrenology which looked at the relationship between specific character and personality traits and bumps on the head Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Hippocrates wrote that the brain is the ultimate source of human pleasures joys pains and tears Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Hippocrates wrote that the heart is the ultimate source of human pleasures joys pains and tears Answer FALSE Explanation Hippocrates wrote that the brain is the ultimate source of human pleasures joys pains and tears Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The Stoic philosophers in the first century AD made observations regarding emotions that have been verified by contemporary psychological research Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Gall suggested that specific character and personality traits could be read from bumps on the head Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The theory of phrenology is credited for explaining insights regarding personality traits that were verified by later research in psychology Answer FALSE Explanation Phrenology was a pseudoscience and was not based on empirical evidence Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The theory of phrenology is a classic pseudoscience Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory In the first psychological laboratory was officially established in Leipzig Germany Answer FALSE Explanation The first psychological laboratory was established in Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory In the first psychological laboratory was officially established in Leipzig Germany Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The first psychological laboratory was officially established by the Austrian physician Joseph Gall Answer FALSE Explanation The first psychological laboratory was established by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The first psychological laboratory was officially established by B F Skinner in the United States Answer FALSE Explanation The first psychological laboratory was established by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The first psychological laboratory was officially established by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig Germany Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory One of Wilhelm Wundt's favourite research methods was reading personality traits from the bumps on a person's skull Answer FALSE Explanation Wundt's preferred research method was introspection Examining bumps on the head to determine personality traits is phrenology Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The forerunners of modern psychology depended heavily on casual observation Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The forerunners of modern psychology depended heavily on empirical research Answer FALSE Explanation The forerunners of modern psychology depended heavily on casual observation and anecdotes Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspectors had to make between and practice observations before they were allowed to participate in an actual study Answer FALSE Explanation Trained introspectors had to make about practice observations before participating in an actual study Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspectors had to make practice observations before they were allowed to participate in an actual study Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The goal of Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspection volunteers was to break down behaviour into its most basic elements Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory E B Titchener was an American who gave Wilhelm Wundt's approach the name structuralism Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the purpose of behaviour and consciousness Answer FALSE Explanation Structuralism emphasized the analysis of behaviour into its basic elements Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory One of E B Titchener's favourite research methods was reading personality traits from the bumps on a person's skull Answer FALSE Explanation Titchener was a structuralist and preferred the method of introspection Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Psychology has been a science for more than years Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Psychology has been a science for more than years Answer FALSE Explanation Psychology has been a science since just over years Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Credit for founding modern psychology is generally given to William James Answer FALSE Explanation Credit for founding modern psychology is generally given to Wilhelm Wundt Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Credit for founding modern psychology is generally given to Wilhelm Wundt Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Credit for founding modern psychology is generally given to Sigmund Freud Answer FALSE Explanation Credit for founding modern psychology is generally given to Wilhelm Wundt Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Where the structuralists asked what happens when an organism does something the functionalists asked how and why an organism does something Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Where the functionalists asked what happens when an organism does something the structuralists asked how and why an organism does something Answer FALSE Explanation The functionalists studied how and why an organism does something whereas the structuralists studied what happens Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Functionalism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the purpose of behaviour and consciousness Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Functionalism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements Answer FALSE Explanation Functionalism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the purpose of behaviour and consciousness Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory One of functionalism's leaders was William James an American philosopher physician and psychologist who argued that searching for building blocks of experience was a waste of time Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory One of functionalism's leaders was Wilhelm Wundt an American philosopher physician and psychologist who argued that searching for building blocks of experience was a waste of time Answer FALSE Explanation Wilhelm Wundt was a structuralist Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The phrase stream of consciousness is most closely associated with Sigmund Freud Answer FALSE Explanation This phrase is most closely associated with William James Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The phrase stream of consciousness is most closely associated with William James Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Sigmund Freud argued that many of his patients' symptoms had mental not physical causes Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Sigmund Freud argued that many of his patients' symptoms had undiagnosed physical causes rather than mental causes Answer FALSE Explanation Freud argued that many of his patients' symptoms had mental causes Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Early psychologists who emphasized how behaviour helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as functionalists Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Early psychologists who emphasized how behaviour helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as structuralists Answer FALSE Explanation Early psychologists who emphasized how behaviour helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as functionalists Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Early psychologists who emphasized how behaviour helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as psychoanalysts Answer FALSE Explanation Early psychologists who emphasized how behaviour helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as functionalists Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Freud's first book The Interpretation of Dreams was an overnight sensation that went through five printings in only eight years Answer FALSE Explanation Freud's first book The Interpretation of Dreams sold only copies in the eight years following its publication Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Freud's first book The Interpretation of Dreams sold only copies in the eight years following its publication Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Freudian concepts were and still are rejected by most empirically oriented psychologists Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Freudian concepts are accepted by most empirically oriented psychologists Answer FALSE Explanation Freudian concepts were and still are rejected by most empirically oriented psychologists Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory The biological perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feelings and thoughts Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the biological perspective would be likely to note that cultures based on herding rather than agriculture tend to train boys to be aggressive Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to note that cultures based on herding rather than agriculture tend to train boys to be aggressive Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the learning perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The learning perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feelings and thoughts Answer FALSE Explanation The biological perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feelings and thoughts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feelings and thoughts Answer FALSE Explanation The biological perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feeling and thoughts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the biological perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from brain damage caused by birth complications Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the learning perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from brain damage caused by birth complications Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the biological perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from brain damage caused by birth complications Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the behavioural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The psychodynamic perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feelings and thoughts Answer FALSE Explanation The biological perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions feelings and thoughts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The biological perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Answer FALSE Explanation The psychodynamic perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from brain damage caused by birth complications Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the biological perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from brain damage caused by birth complications Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the biological perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The learning perspective is an approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's actions Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the learning perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from violent role models that can influence a person to behave aggressively Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the behavioural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the behavioural perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's actions Answer FALSE Explanation The learning perspective is an approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's actions Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception memory language problem solving and other areas of behaviour Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the cognitive perspective would be likely to suggest that violent people are quick to perceive provocation and insult Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the learning perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The learning perspective emphasizes the dynamics of unconscious motives and conflicts Answer FALSE Explanation The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the dynamics of unconscious motives and conflicts Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the learning perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from unconscious conflicts involving aggression and sexuality Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from unconscious conflicts involving aggression and sexuality Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the cognitive perspective would be likely to note that people are often more aggressive in a crowd than they are on their own Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to note that people are often more aggressive in a crowd than they are on their own Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the dynamics of the social and cultural forces that shape every aspect of human behaviour Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to suggest that violent people are quick to perceive provocation and insult Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the cognitive perspective would be likely to suggest that violent people are quick to perceive provocation and insult Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to note that people are often more aggressive in a crowd than they are on their own Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to note that cultures based on herding rather than agriculture tend to train boys to be aggressive Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the learning perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety often bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The learning perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Answer FALSE Explanation The psychodynamic perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the behavioural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition that promotes anxiety about failure Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition that promotes anxiety about failure Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the behavioural perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The cognitive perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Answer FALSE Explanation The psychodynamic perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety are often reinforced because they bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the learning perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety are often reinforced because they bring hidden rewards such as being excused from exams Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the dynamics of the social and cultural forces that shape every aspect of human behaviour Answer FALSE Explanation The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the dynamics of the social and cultural forces that shape every aspect of human behaviour Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from violent role models that can influence a person to behave aggressively Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the learning perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from violent role models that can influence a person to behave aggressively Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to suggest that violent people are quick to perceive provocation and insult Answer FALSE Explanation A psychologist from the cognitive perspective would be likely to suggest that violent people are quick to perceive provocation and insult Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Social psychologists focus on social rules and roles and how groups affect attitudes and behaviour Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Cultural psychologists examine how cultural rules and values both explicit and unspoken affect people's development behaviour and feelings Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The sociocultural perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Answer FALSE Explanation The psychodynamic perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the dynamics of unconscious motives and conflicts Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychodynamic psychologists try to dig below the surface of a person's behaviour to get to its unconscious roots Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Answer FALSE Explanation Psychologists from the sociocultural perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The psychodynamic perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology connected to the other fingers but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language methods and standards of acceptable evidence Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from unconscious conflicts involving aggression and sexuality Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Humanistic psychologists try to dig below the surface of a person's behaviour to get to its unconscious roots Answer FALSE Explanation Psychodynamic psychologists try to dig below the surface of a person's behaviour to get to its unconscious roots Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Humanist psychology is a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Humanist psychology is a psychological approach that emphasizes the scientific understanding and assessment of human behaviour Answer FALSE Explanation Humanist psychology is a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture The goal of humanist psychology is to help people express themselves creatively and achieve their full potential Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A contemporary research specialty known as positive psychology follows in the footsteps of humanist psychology Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Feminist psychology is an approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Critics both outside and within feminist psychology are concerned that some feminists have replaced a male bias in research with a female bias Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Clinical psychologists do psychotherapy and sometimes conduct research Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Basic psychology is the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Applied psychology is the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application Answer FALSE Explanation Applied psychology involves the application of basic psychological knowledge to the solution of human problems Section What Psychologists Do Applied psychology is the study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Basic psychology is the study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance Answer FALSE Explanation Basic psychology is the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application Section What Psychologists Do Experimental psychologists specialize in work motivation Answer FALSE Explanation Experimental psychologists specialize in research on learning motivation emotion sensation and perception physiology and cognition Section What Psychologists Do Educational psychologists study how people change and grow over time Answer FALSE Explanation Educational psychologists study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve educational systems Section What Psychologists Do Educational psychologists design and evaluate tests of mental abilities aptitudes interests and personality Answer FALSE Explanation Psychometric psychologists design and evaluate tests of mental abilities aptitudes interests and personality Section What Psychologists Do Developmental psychologists study how people change and grow over time Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Industrial-organizational psychologists are concerned with behaviour in the workplace and work motivation Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Psychometric psychologists design and evaluate tests of mental abilities aptitudes interests and personality Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Practitioners now account for over of half all psychologists in Canada Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do The majority of psychological practitioners are school psychologists Answer FALSE Explanation The majority of psychological practitioners are clinical or counselling psychologists Section What Psychologists Do Counselling psychologists are trained to do psychotherapy with severely disturbed people Answer FALSE Explanation Counselling psychologists are trained to help people with problems of everyday life Section What Psychologists Do Clinical programs leading to a PhD focus on professional practice and do not usually require a research dissertation Answer FALSE Explanation Programs leading to a PsyD are usually designed to prepare a person both as a scientist and as a clinical practitioner Section What Psychologists Do Programs leading to a PhD are usually designed to prepare a person both as a scientist and as a clinical practitioner Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Clinical programs leading to a PsyD focus on professional practice and do not usually require a research dissertation Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Programs leading to a PsyD degree are usually designed to prepare a person both as a scientist and as a clinical practitioner Answer FALSE Explanation PsyD degree programs are currently not offered in Canada A PsyD degree focuses on professional practice and does not usually require a research dissertation Section What Psychologists Do Licensed clinical social workers typically treat general problems in adjustment and family conflicts Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do During the second half of the twentieth century psychology expanded rapidly and today the American Psychological Association has divisions representing diverse research and professional interests Answer FALSE Explanation The American Psychological Association has divisions Section What Psychologists Do Licensed clinical social workers LCSW typically treat individual dysfunction and family problems Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section What Psychologists Do Not all psychologists feel they must swear allegiance to just one approach or perspective in psychology Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Beyond the Borders All psychological scientists regardless of their specialty believe in simple explanations of behaviour and either-or thinking Answer FALSE Explanation All psychological scientists regardless of their specialty believe in the importance of empirical evidence Section Beyond the Borders Psychology can help you get better grades by teaching you active read-recite-review strategies Answer TRUE Explanation Statement of fact Section Taking Psychology with You Psychology cannot help you to get better grades Answer FALSE Section Taking Psychology with You Match these accomplishments with the appropriate person A Wilhelm Wundt B William James C E B Titchener D Joseph Gall E Sigmund Freud Founder of the pseudoscience of phrenology Answer D Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Developed a theory of personality called psychoanalysis Answer E Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory An early American psychologist who was a structuralist Answer C Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Established the first psychology laboratory in Answer A Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory An American psychologist who founded functionalism Answer B Section Psychology's Past From the Armchair to the Laboratory Match these descriptions with the appropriate perspective A psychodynamic perspective B learning perspective C cognitive perspective D biological perspective E sociocultural perspective Emphasizes how people reason remember understand language solve problems explain experiences acquire moral standards and form beliefs Answer C Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual that shape behaviour Answer E Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person's or a nonhuman animal's actions Answer B Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Deals with unconscious factors within the individual such as inner forces conflicts or instinctual energy Answer A Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Focuses on how bodily events affect behaviour feelings and thoughts Answer D Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Match these definitions with the appropriate approach A structuralism B psychoanalysis C humanism D empirical E functionalism An approach relying on or derived from observation experimentation or measurement Answer A Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture An early psychological approach that emphasized the purpose of behaviour and consciousness Answer E Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A theory of personality and method of psychotherapy that emphasized unconscious motives and conflicts Answer B Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture An early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements Answer D Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture A psychological approach that emphasizes free will personal growth resilience and the achievement of human potential Answer C Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Match these examples with the appropriate perspective A biological perspective B psychodynamic perspective C cognitive perspective D sociocultural perspective E learning perspective Steve's aggressiveness results from the fact that his parents let him watch too many violent shows on television Answer E Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Mary Beth's fear of relationships results from an unconscious fear of men Answer B Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Johnny's learning disability results from an abnormality in brain function Answer A Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Keisha's mental retardation results from growing up in an environment of poverty and discrimination Answer D Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Juan's depression results from his belief that he should be able to succeed at anything he attempts Answer C Section Psychology's Present Behaviour Body Mind and Culture Match these job descriptions with the appropriate type of psychologist A industrial-organizational psychologists B psychometric psychologists C developmental psychologists D educational psychologists E experimental psychologists They design and evaluate tests of mental abilities aptitudes interests and personality Answer B Section What Psychologists Do They study how people change and grow over time physically mentally and socially Answer C Section What Psychologists Do They study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve educational systems Answer D Section What Psychologists Do They conduct laboratory studies of learning motivation emotion sensation and perception physiology and cognition Answer E Section What Psychologists Do They study behaviour in the workplace Answer A Section What Psychologists Do Match these descriptions with the appropriate professional A psychoanalyst B clinical psychologist C psychiatrist D psychotherapist E licensed clinical social worker Anyone who does any kind of psychotherapy Answer D Section What Psychologists Do A medical doctor who has done a three-year residency to learn how to diagnose and treat mental disorders Answer C Section What Psychologists Do A person with a graduate degree who is licensed to provide psychotherapy for severely disturbed people as well as those with less serious problems Answer B Section What Psychologists Do A person with a master's degree and one or two years of supervised experience who may treat general problems in adjustment and family conflicts Answer E Section What Psychologists Do A person who has undergone specialized training using Freud's methods and who has also undergone extensive analysis him- or herself Answer A Section What Psychologists Do When people think of psychology they usually think of mental disorders emotional disorders abnormal acts personal problems and psychotherapy Describe two other topics that are of great interest to psychologists Answer A good answer will include the following key points Psychologists study the entire spectrum of human and animal behaviour Psychologists study how people learn remember solve problems perceive feel and get along with others Include at least two They study commonplace as well as uncommon behaviours normal as well as abnormal Section Chapter Introduction Describe the differences between psychobabble and scientific psychology Answer A good answer will include the following key points Psychobabble is pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and scientific-sounding language Scientific psychology is based on empirical evidence Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Juanita is studying in her dorm room when her roommate says Why did you sign up for a psychology class Everyone knows that psychology is the same as plain old common sense After reading Chapter how would Juanita describe the differences between psychology and common sense Answer A good answer will include the following key points Psychology is based on empirical evidence Common sense and popular beliefs have often been refuted by empirical evidence Many common sense beliefs are contradictory because they are not based on empirical evidence Section Psychology Pseudoscience and Popular Opinion Shelley wants her grandma to keep in touch through email but her grandma says Oh Shelley you know that you can't teach an old dog new tricks How might Shelley respond using Chapter as the basis for her response Answer A good answer will include the following key points Popular beliefs and sayings have often been refuted by scientific research Before accepting a popular proverb as true it would be important to look at empirical evidence Many popular proverbs contradict each other because they are not based on empirical evidence Section Psychology Pseudoscience