Business Data Networks and Telecommunications Network Standards.docx

Business Data Networks and Telecommunications Network Standards 1) Network standards are also called protocols. Answer: TRUE 2) Standards govern ________. A) semantics B) syntax C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: C 3) The meaning of a message is referred to as the message's ________. A) protocol B) order C) value D) semantics Answer: D 4) How a message is organized is its ________. A) syntax B) semantics C) order D) both A and B Answer: A 5) In HTTP, a server may initiate an interaction with the client. Answer: FALSE 6) Host P transmits a SYN to Host Q. If host Q is willing to open the connection, it will transmit a(n) ________ segment. A) ACK B) SYN C) SYN/ACK D) none of the above Answer: C 7) If the destination host does not receive a segment, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) none of the above Answer: D 8) If the destination host receives a segment that has an error, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RST segment D) none of the above Answer: D 9) A sending host will retransmit a TCP segment if ________. A) it receives an ACK segment B) it receives a NAC segment C) it receives an RPT segment. D) none of the above Answer: D 10) The side wishing to close a TCP segment sends a(n) ________ segment. A) SYN B) ACK C) FIN D) none of the above Answer: C 11) After the side wishing to close a TCP connection sends a FIN segment, it will ________. A) not send any more segments B) only send ACK segments C) only send FIN segments D) none of the above Answer: B 12) Which of the following is not one of the three general parts of messages? A) address field B) header C) data field D) trailer Answer: A 13) The ________ contains the content being delivered by a message. A) address field B) header C) data field D) trailer Answer: C 14) The header is defined as everything that comes before the data field. Answer: TRUE 15) Messages always have data fields. Answer: FALSE 16) The trailer is defined as everything that comes after the data field. Answer: TRUE 17) Most messages have trailers. Answer: FALSE 18) Headers usually are divided into fields. Answer: TRUE 19) "Octet" is the same as ________. A) "bit" B) "byte" C) either A or B, depending on the context D) neither A nor B Answer: B 20) Ethernet MAC addresses are ________. A) 32 bits long B) 48 bits long C) 128 bits long D) none of the above Answer: B 21) Ethernet MAC addresses are ________ long. A) 4 octets B) 6 octets C) 32 octets D) 48 octets Answer: B 22) ________ read(s) the destination MAC address in an Ethernet frame. A) The destination host B) Switches in the network C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B Answer: C 23) If the destination host finds an error in an Ethernet frame, it ________. A) sends back a NAK B) retransmits the frame C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: D 24) Ethernet does ________. A) error detection B) error correction C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 25) Ethernet detects errors but does not correct them. Therefore, Ethernet is reliable. Answer: FALSE 26) In an IP header, the first bit in the second row is bit ________. A) 0 B) 31 C) 32 D) none of the above Answer: C 27) How long are IPv4 addresses? A) 32 octets B) 48 bits C) 20 octets D) none of the above Answer: D 28) How long are IPv4 addresses? A) 4 octets B) 6 octets C) 20 octets D) 32 octets Answer: A 29) Routers make forward decisions based on a packet's source IP address. Answer: FALSE 30) Routers make packet forwarding decisions based on a packet's ________. A) source IP address B) destination IP address C) both A and B Answer: B 31) IP is reliable. Answer: FALSE 32) IP detects errors but does not correct them. Therefore, IP is reliable. Answer: FALSE 33) To handle internetwork transmission control tasks that IP cannot handle, the IETF created TCP. Answer: TRUE 34) TCP messages are called ________. Answer: FALSE 35) One-bit fields in headers are called ________ fields. A) digital B) flag C) ACK D) none of the above Answer: B 36) If someone says that a 1-bit flag is set, this means that it is given the value ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) either A or B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 37) If the ACK bit is set, the acknowledgement number field MUST have a value. Answer: TRUE 38) Which of the following has a header checksum field? A) TCP B) UDP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: C 39) UDP checks messages for errors but does not correct them. UDP is ________. A) reliable B) unreliable C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 40) On a server, well-known port numbers indicate ________. A) applications B) connections with client computers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 41) On a client, ephemeral port numbers indicate ________. A) applications B) connections with servers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 42) The range 1024 to 4999 is the usual range for ________ port numbers. A) well-known B) ephemeral C) both A and B Answer: B 43) 2500 is in the range for ________ port numbers. A) well-known B) ephemeral C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 44) An IP address, a colon, and a port number constitute a(n) ________. A) well-known port number B) ephemeral port number C) connection D) socket Answer: D 45) The application layer standard always is HTTP. Answer: FALSE 46) Which of the following layers has the most standards? A) data link B) internet C) transport D) application Answer: D 47) Which layer has more standards? A) internet B) application C) Both of the above have about the same number of standards. Answer: B 48) At which layer would you find standards for requesting videos from a video sharing site such as YouTube? A) application B) transport C) internet D) none of the above Answer: A 49) At which layer would you find file transfer protocol standards for downloading files? A) application B) transport C) internet D) none of the above Answer: A 50) Nearly all application standards are simple like HTTP. Answer: FALSE 51) In HTTP, most response message header fields consist of a keyword, an equal sign, and the value for the keyword. Answer: FALSE 52) In HTTP, the end of a header field is indicated by a ________. A) byte position B) CRLF C) colon D) blank line Answer: B 53) An HTTP request message usually has a ________. A) header B) data field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 54) An HTTP response message usually has a ________. A) trailer B) data field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 55) Converting application messages into bits is called ________. A) encapsulation B) encryption C) encoding D) conversion Answer: C 56) At what layer is encoding done? A) application B) transport C) internet D) none of the above Answer: A 57) How many bytes will it take to transmit "Brain Dead" without the quotation marks? A) 2 B) 3 C) 9 D) none of the above Answer: D 58) How many bytes will it take to transmit "Can you hear me now?" without the quotation marks? A) 5 B) 6 C) 10 D) none of the above Answer: D 59) Binary counting usually begins at 1. Answer: FALSE 60) In binary, 13 is 1101. What is 14? A) 1110 B) 1111 C) neither A nor B Answer: A 61) If you have a field with N bits, you can represent N2 items. Answer: FALSE 62) A 5-bit field can represent ________ alternatives. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) 64 Answer: C 63) Increasing an alternatives field length by one bit always doubles the number of alternatives it can represent. Answer: TRUE 64) A 7-bit field can represent ________ alternatives. A) 14 B) 49 C) 128 D) 256 Answer: C 65) To represent 65 alternatives, your alternatives field would have to be ________ bits long. A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8 Answer: C 66) The electrical signal generated by a microphone is called a(n) ________ signal. A) binary B) digital C) analog D) either A or B Answer: C 67) A codec ________. A) encodes voice signals into analog signals B) encodes voice signals into binary signals C) compresses the signal D) both B and C Answer: A 68) ________ is placing a message in the data field of another message. A) Nesting B) Vertical communication C) Layering D) Encapsulation Answer: D 69) After the internet layer process does encapsulation, it passes the IP packet to the ________ layer process. A) transport B) data link C) physical D) none of the above Answer: B 70) After the data link layer process does encapsulation, it passes the IP packet to the ________ layer process. A) physical B) internet C) transport D) none of the above Answer: A 71) Which layer process does not do encapsulation when an application layer process transmits a message? A) physical B) data link C) internet D) All do encapsulation. Answer: A 72) Network standards architectures break the standards functionality needed for communication into layers and define the functions of each layer. Answer: TRUE 73) Which of the following is a network standards architecture? A) ISO B) TCP/IP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 74) A corporate network can use either OSI standards at all layers or TCP/IP standards at all layers, but cannot use OSI standards at some layers and TCP/IP standards at other layers. Answer: FALSE 75) What is the dominant network standards architecture in most real firms today? A) OSI B) TCP/IP C) neither A nor B Answer: C 76) Which of the following is a standards agency for OSI? A) IETF B) ITU-T C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 77) Which of the following is a network standards architecture? A) ISO B) OSI C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 78) OSI is dominant at the ________ layer. A) physical B) internet C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 79) OSI is dominant at the ________ layer. A) data link B) transport C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 80) OSI is dominant at the ________ layer. A) internet B) transport C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: D 81) Which of the following is an architecture? A) IP B) TCP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: D 82) Which of the following is a standard? A) TCP/IP B) IP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 83) Which of the following is a standards agency for TCP/IP? A) ITU-T B) IETF C) OSI D) none of the above Answer: B 84) TCP/IP became dominant in corporations primarily because of ________. A) its use on the Internet B) its relatively simple standards, which led to low costs C) a government mandate D) all of the above Answer: B 85) Most IETF documents are called ________. A) official internet standards B) TCP/IP standards C) RFCs D) none of the above Answer: C 86) TCP/IP is dominant at the ________ layer. A) physical B) internet C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 87) TCP/IP is dominant at the ________ layer. A) data link B) transport C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 88) TCP/IP is dominant at the ________ layer. A) physical B) data link C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: D 89) Which standards architecture is dominant at the application layer? A) OSI B) TCP/IP C) IEEE D) none of the above Answer: D 90) Almost all applications, regardless of what standards architecture they come from, can run over TCP/IP standards at the internet and transport layers. Answer: TRUE 91) Which layer(s) of the hybrid TCP/IP-OSI standards architecture normally use(s) OSI standards? A) data link B) transport C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 92) Which layer(s) of the hybrid TCP/IP-OSI standards architecture normally use(s) TCP/IP standards? A) data link B) transport C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 93) Wireless LAN transmission normally is governed by ________ standards. A) OSI B) TCP/IP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 94) Switched WAN transmission is governed by ________ standards. A) OSI B) TCP/IP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: A 95) The OSI ________ layer allows application communication to be restarted at the last rollback point. A) application B) presentation C) session D) none of the above Answer: C 96) The OSI ________ layer is designed to handle data formatting differences between two computers. A) application B) presentation C) session D) none of the above Answer: B 97) The OSI ________ layer is designed to handle compression and encryption for applications. A) application B) presentation C) session D) none of the above Answer: B 98) The OSI presentation layer is actually used ________. A) to convert between file formats B) as a category for data file standards used by multiple applications C) both A and B D) neither A nor B Answer: B 99) Which of the following is NOT an OSI layer name? A) data link B) internet C) session D) presentation Answer: C 100) In OSI, the presentation layer is Layer ________. A) 7 B) 6 C) 5 D) none of the above Answer: B