Chapter 3 - Structure and Function of Cells (Clicker Questions)

Prokaryotic cells have _____. ribosomes a nucleus mitochondria an endoplasmic reticulum Prokaryotic cells have _____. ribosomes Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles, so they do not have a nucleus, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum, but they do have non-organelle structures, such as ribosomes used in assembling proteins. © 2017 Education, Inc. What component of the plasma membrane has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions? Proteins Cholesterol Phospholipids Carbohydrates © 2017 Education, Inc. What component of the plasma membrane has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions? Phospholipids The phosphate “head” of a phospholipid is charged and hydrophilic; the fatty acid “tails” are neutral and hydrophobic. © 2017 Education, Inc. Which form of transport involves the movement of water down its concentration gradient? Diffusion Facilitated transport Osmosis Active transport © 2017 Education, Inc. Which form of transport involves the movement of water down its concentration gradient? Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient, with or without a membrane. Facilitated transport requires specific transporter proteins embedded in the membrane, and active transport uses energy and transporter proteins to move solutes through the membrane, up the gradient. © 2017 Education, Inc. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of _____. facilitated transport diffusion exocytosis active transport © 2017 Education, Inc. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of _____. active transport The sodium-potassium pump transports both sodium and potassium ions against their respective gradients, using ATP as an energy source. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? A cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? A cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink. True A hypertonic solution has a lesser concentration of water outside, so water will diffuse out of the cell, causing cell shrinkage. © 2017 Education, Inc. Which organelle could best be described as the cell’s control center? Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome Golgi apparatus Nucleus © 2017 Education, Inc. Which organelle could best be described as the cell’s control center? Nucleus The nucleus contains the genetic information controlling cell functions, and therefore functions as the overall control center for the cell. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Glycolysis is the first step in the cell’s process of utilizing sugars for energy. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Glycolysis is the first step in the cell’s process of utilizing sugars for energy. True Cells begin carbohydrate breakdown through glycolysis. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Fructose is the sugar used most often by cells for energy. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Fructose is the sugar used most often by cells for energy. False Although fructose is metabolized through glycolysis, it is glucose on which carbohydrate metabolism is based. All other sugars, amino acids, and lipids connect to the glucose metabolic pathways. © 2017 Education, Inc.