Transcript
CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGIC MEDICATIONS
Classification
MOA
Normal range
Side effects
Nursing implications need to know
Cardiac glycocides
Antianginals
Antidysrhythmics
Calcium Channel Blockers
Phenylalkylamines:
Verapamil
Benzothiazepines:
Diltiazem hydrochloride
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Dihydropyridines:
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Nicardipine hydrochloride
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Nifedipine
Nisoldipine
Block the transport of calcium channel into the myocardium and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, (inhibiting excitation) thus promoting vasodilation causing lower BP.
Regular release:
A: PO Initial 80mg tid, max 480 mg/d
Older A: PO initially 40 mg tid, max 480 mg/d
Extended release:
A: PO Initially 180 mg/d morning maint; 180-240 mg/d; max 480 mg/d
Older A PO: Initially 120 mg/d in morning; max 480 mg/d
Extended release:
A: PO Initially 120-240 mg/d; maint: 240-360 mg/d; max: 540 mg/d
A PO: initially 5 mg/d; maint 5-10 mg/d;
max 10 mg/d
Older: A PO Initially 2.5 mg/d; maint 2.5-10; max 10 mg/d
Adol/C >6 y: PO 2.5-5 mg/d; max 5mg/d
A:PO: initially 5 mg/d; maint 2.5-10 mg/d; max 10 mg/d
Older A: PO Initially 2.5 mg/d; max 10 mg/d
Regular release:
A: PO: initially 2.5 mg bid; maint 5-10 mg bid; max 10 mg/d
Extended release:
A: PO: 5mg/d; max 20 mg/d
Regular release:
A: PO Initially 20 mg tid; maint 20-40 mg tid; max 129 mg/d
Sustained release
A: PO: initially 30 mg bid; maint 30-60 mg bid; max 120 mg/d
A: IV initially 5 mg/h infusion; max: 15 mg/h
Extended release:
A: PO: 30-60 mg/d; max 90 mg/d
Extended release:
A: PO: Initially 17 mg/d; maint: 17-34 mg/d; max: 34 mg/d
Older A: PO: Initially 8.5 mg/d; max 34 mg/d
CV: Arrhythmias, HF, dizziness, jitteriness, weakness, peripheral edema, tachycardia
EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus
Resp: cough, SOB, dyspnea,
GI: increased liver enzymes,
Derm: SJS
- Monitor BP and pulse before and frequently during admin.
Contra in Systolic BP <90
- Risk for falls
- Monitor I & O ratios & Daily weight. Assess for signs of HF (peripheral edema, rales/crakles, dyspnea, weight gain, jugular venous distention).
- Assess for rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Discontinue if accompanied with fever, fatigue or muscle /joint aches.
- Monitor ECG continuously during administration. Emergency equipment and meds should be avail.
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Diuretics
Thiazides & Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Short
Loop (High-Ceiling Diuretics
Osmotic Diuretics
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Antihypertensives
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics
Antihyperlipidemics
Drugs to improve blood flow