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ANTH2000 Assignment 1

Uploaded: 5 years ago
Contributor: misshannahjayne
Category: Psychology and Mental Health
Type: Assignment
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Filename:   ANTH2000 Assignment 1.docx (25.11 kB)
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Credit Cost: 1
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Description
Anthropology research report
Transcript
Title: Ethnographies of the City Review of Literature Student: Hannah Jones Student Number: 19158367 Due Date: 14th September, 2018 The Impact of the Increase of Technology Use on Society The accelerating progression of technology has facilitated the reorganisation of human interactions and activities substantially (Brotchie, Hall, Newton, & Nijkamp, 2017). The chronology of technological change is increasing rapidly and generating this ideology of an electronic revolution (Brotchie et al., 2017). Many advanced Western industrial societies are experiencing this trend of technological revolutions and, thus, are witnessing a changing societal structure and economy (Brotchie et al., 2017). This paper will review literature that looks at the impact that the increase of technology is having on society and, in particular, explore its effects on the ethnographies of cities. With the popularity of smartphones escalating so rapidly, these devices have become universal and the leading device of technology (Özlem, 2013; Zheng & Ni, 2006). With such a wide range of functionalities and services, these inanimate objects have become vital in many individuals’ lives with it being perceived as abnormal to not own such device (Zheng & Ni, 2006). Sarwar and Soomro (2013) investigated both the positive and negative implications of smart phones on society. Moreover, they looked at the ideology of smartphones transforming the culture, technology landscape, social life and further diverse factors of modern society (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Whilst smartphones have been in the market since 1993, there is an identifiable difference between the early smartphones and today’s (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Primarily, technology and mobile application came in the simplest of forms (Islam, Islam, & Mazumder, 2010). However, in this new era, technology has altered the cultural norms and even the behaviour of individuals (Ni, Yang, Bai, Champion, & Xuan, 2009; Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). It has provided the opportunity for individuals to create their own micro-cultures and engage in particular activities (Ni et al., 2009). From a sociological business frame of reference, there has been an enormous increase in business possibilities and provided opportunities for development and growth of said companies (Islam et al., 2010). The results of this phenomenon are evident today by which we can observe the expansion and progress of our economy and financial system (Islam et al., 2010). The earlier versions were predominantly used by corporate consumers and as enterprise devices (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Being a new addition to the market, they were often perceived as too expensive for the general public to purchase (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Today, however, most individuals are in a position where by they can – and do – purchase a smart phone or alternative forms of advanced technology (Ding, Suet, Tanusina, Low, & Ker, 2011). This can be attributed to several factors; economic growth, financial stability, prioritising investments/purchases, cultural norm, as well as this instrument providing a scope for self-identity (Ding et al., 2011; Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). It is not solely just the companies that physically design and manufacture these smart phones who benefit (Islam et al., 2010). Many different areas of business companies are indeed earning a large revenue via this increase of technology (Islam et al., 2010). One particular area which indirectly benefits is mobile broadband and internet (Islam et al., 2010). Most applications and utilities on smartphones require internet or mobile broadband to connect users to the world (Islam et al., 2010). Moreover, mobile application development businesses and the mobile application market are benefitted (Islam et al., 2010). Whether it’s the creation of applications, or the market they are purchased via (i.e., the Apple App Store), the increase in use and progression in development of smart phones has asserted more power to these areas (Islam et al., 2010). However, despite the human race becoming so habituated to using alternative and different forms of technology, many individuals are turning away from PC’s with the replacement of smartphones and tablets (Islam et al., 2010). Whilst PC’s used to be the hit of technology in previous generations, this new era has out proven these tools (Ding et al., 2011). Pressure to gain market share has resulted in developer activity becoming stagnated on the PC platform (Islam et al., 2010). Ding et al. (2011) conducted a study whereby they found that there was a significant and positive relationship between social needs and university students’ dependency on smart phones. It has further been established that young adults are the most prone to using technology today (Truong, 2018). In turn, this may have an influence on the psychosocial developmental theory that Erik Erikson proposed in 1968 (Burton, Westen, Kawalski, 2015). Erikson stated that adolescents are challenged by the developmental task of establishing a sense of identity (Erikson, 1968). Three potential factors that have been confirmed to influence one’s identity include; (1) the decisions the individual faces in identifying themselves, (2) the perceptions and feedback from their peers regarding their decisions, and (3) how they compare their own identities to others (Spies Shapiro & Margolin, 2014). Using technology, particularly social media, can provide many opportunities and, in some cases, demand self-disclosure (Spies Shapiro & Margolin, 2014). Adolescents are in need of receiving validation from their peers, and seek to convey a desired and idealised identity of themselves via technology and, in particular, through social networking sites (Raman & Pramod, 2014). Walsh, White and Young (2010) acknowledged that the approval from others and conformity to society is vital in the positive reinforcement of one’s identity. Thus, many individuals prioritise their time to promote their social life (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Looking at the impact of technology on sociology, we can see that this domain has encountered the most effects (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Skarzauskiene, Tamosiunaite, and Zaleniene (2013) found that communication styles are evolving in to a more technological collaborative approach. Their research found that there were many benefits of utilizing technology as a medium for communication; an increase speed to access knowledge, decreasing travel costs, and increased creativity (Skarzauskiene et al., 2013). They found an increase in the physical distance for communication with many individuals resulting to technology to converse rather than meeting in person (Skarzauskiene et al., 2013). Although, whilst technology may be influencing society’s approach to interaction and downgrading previous generations’ ways of conversing, increase in technology has bought about many benefits (Sarwar & Soomro 2013). For example, it has provided convenient capabilities for communication with family members- particularly with children (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). It has enabled parents to know the where about of their children and contact them directly and efficiently if need be (Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). It is evident today that there is an accelerating progression in the development and utilization of technology (Brotchie et al., 2017). Technology is often used as a medium of communication, and has seen to propose many positive, as well as negative, implications on societal values and growth (Brotchie et al., 2017). Whilst providing many economical and financial opportunities for businesses, this tool has also seen to play an important role on the psychosocial developmental stages of youths’ identity establishment (Erikson, 1968; Sarwar & Soomro, 2013). Moreover, it has become a vital part of sociological interactions and collaborations (Skarzauskiene et al., 2013). References Burton, L., Westen, D., & Kowalski, R. (2015). Psychology (4th Australian and New Zealand Edition). Milton, QLD: John Wiley & Sons Australia. Brotchie, J., Newton, P., Hall, P., & Nijkamp, P. (2017). The Future of Urban Form. Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351675994 Ding, H. T., Suet, F. L., Tanusina, S. P., Low, C. G., & Ker, G. C. (2011). Dependency on smartphone and the impact on purchase behaviour. Young Consumers, 12(3), 193-203. http://dx.doi.org.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/10.1108/17473611111163250 Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W. W. Norton Islam, R., Islam, R., & Mazumder, T. A. (2010). Mobile application and its global impact. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 10(6), 72-78. Retrieved from http://www.ijens.org/107506-0909%20ijet-ijens.pdf Ni, X., Yang, Z., Bai, X., Champion, A. C., & Xuan, D. (2009). Diffuser: Differentiated user access control on smartphones. 2009 IEEE 6th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 1012-1017. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/MOBHOC.2009.5337017 Özlem, Y. E. (2013). Science, technology and social change course's effects on technological literacy levels of social studies pre-service teachers. TOJET : The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(3) Retrieved from https://search-proquest- com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/1446897822?accountid=10382 Raman, R., & Pramod, D. (2014). Mobile usage among youngsters – prediction of factors that might influence addiction. Journal of Technology-Innovation, 2(2), 27-35. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2524285 Sarwar, M., & Soomro, T. R. (2013). Impact of smartphone’s on society. European Journal of Scientific Research, 98(2), 216-226. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37269766/tech_writ.pdf?AWSAc cessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1536657712&Signature=GVt2 xkSEfZu6JDJRxjXAZpjD1aY%3D&response-content- disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DImpact_of_Smartphone.pdf Skarzauskiene, A., Tamosiunaite, R., & Zaleniene, I. (2013). Defining social technologies: Evaluation of social collaboration tools and technologies. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 16(3), 232-241. Retrieved from https://search- proquest-com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/1520562990?accountid=10382 Spies Shapiro, L. A., & Margolin, G. (2014). Growing up wired: Social networking sites and adolescent psychosocial development. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-013-0135-1 Truong, J. (2018). Attending to others: How digital technologies direct young people's nightlife. Geographica Helvetica, 73(2), 193-201. http://dx.doi.org.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/10.5194/gh-73-193-2018 Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., & Young, R. M. (2010). Needing to connect: The effect of self and others on young people’s involvement with their mobile phones. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62(4), 194-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530903567229 Zheng, P., & Ni, L. (2006). Smart Phone and Next Generation Mobile Computing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-088560-2.X5000-X

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