The founder of the Protestant Reformation was
a. the Englishman, John Wycliffe.
b. the Dutchman, Desiderius Erasmus.
c. the Czech, Jan Hus.
d. the German, Martin Luther.
e. the Frenchman, Peter Waldo.
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As a result of the battle of Agincourt in 1415
a. the English were finally driven from France.
b. the English won control over southern France.
c. it appeared that England would shortly conquer France and unite the two crowns.
d. French cavalry established their dominance over English archers.
e. Henry V was taken captive by French forces.
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A modern explanation for why the majority of people accused of witchcraft were women holds that
a. witchcraft comes from women's insatiable carnal lust.
b. the abandonment of the cult of the Virgin Mary by the Protestants fanned misogyny.
c. the pressure of population growth led to a greater consumption of mind-altering substances.
d. the decline in the sense of communal responsibility for its weaker members led to suspicion and hostility.
e. contact with previously undiscovered societies in the New World led to a crisis in faith.
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All the following factors pushed German peasants to revolt in 1524 EXCEPT
a. the greed and conspicuous wealth of the clergy.
b. low wages paid by townspeople and domination by the nobility.
c. severe inflation and growing poverty.
d. plague, disease, and famine.
e. Luther's preaching about freedom and his successful revolt against the church.
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The cities of northern Italy differed from most of the rest of Europe in all the following ways EXCEPT
a. they continued to be under the effective control of the nobility.
b. their wealth came from commerce and industry.
c. they had more regular contact with countries outside of Europe.
d. they had more visible reminders of Rome's grandeur than most other parts of Europe.
e. their internal politics meant that they had to regularly take into account the interests of small merchants and artisans.
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The vision of the Christian world commonwealth guided by the pope was destroyed forever by
a. the period known as the Babylonian Captivity.
b. the Great Schism.
c. the Protestant Reformation.
d. the failure of the Conciliar Movement.
e. the failure of popes to make claims of temporal power.
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Compared to the ancient world, European agricultural technology at the end of the thirteenth century was
a. still far behind.
b. lagging but improving.
c. roughly on the same level.
d. somewhat more advanced.
e. far superior.
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Avicenna's Canon of Medicine
a. relied on sympathetic magic and prayers for the sick.
b. was used in Roman times, but was then forgotten.
c. placed much faith in herbal cures.
d. synthesized Greek and Arabic medicine.
e. came to be accepted by modern medicine.
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The text notes that the most significant historical consequence of the successful defenses of Constantinople against direct Arab attacks was the
a. demonstrated superiority of Greek fire.
b. deflection of Arab expansion away from Latin Christendom.
c. cessation of Arab expansion for nearly three centuries.
d. recovery of Syria, Palestine, and Egypt by the Byzantines.
e. permanent move of the Byzantine capital to Ravenna.
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Homer's major epic poems were
a. the Iliad and the Odyssey.
b. Lysistrata and The Frogs.
c. Antigone and The Bacchae.
d. The Symposium and The Republic.
e. Antigone and Oresteia.
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