To date, typical smartphone cameras use a fixed focal length lens structure, where the lens is assembled on top of an image sensor having its optical axis positioned orthogonally to the sensor plane. This camera structure does not support changing the focal length and can only provide digital zoom.
Before it reaches the sensor, however - which is what you're curiously about - instead of passing through just one lens (either convex or concave), light has to pass through an array of concave and convex lenses that converge and diverge it before it reaches the focal point (as shown). This is done to sharpen the image.
Can a cellphone be used to magnify an image-- Yes.