This genealogical tree of modern humans based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) strongly supports the RAO model. The population affinities of the mtDNA types are as follows (lineages are identified by the numbers around the outside of the tree): Western Pygmies (1, 2, 37–48); Eastern Pygmies (4–6, 30–32, 65–73); !Kung (7–22); African Americans (3, 27, 33, 35, 36, 59, 63, 100); Yorubans (24–26, 29, 51, 57, 60, 63, 77, 78,103, 106, 107); Australian (49); Herero (34, 52–56, 105, 127); Asians (23, 28, 58, 74, 75, 84–88, 90–93, 95, 98, 112, 113, 121–124, 126, 128); Papua New Guineans (50, 79–82, 97, 108–110, 125, 129–135); Hadza (61, 62, 64, 83); Naron (76); and Europeans (89, 94, 96, 99, 101, 102, 104, 111,114–120)This genealogical tree of modern humans based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) strongly supports the RAO model. The population affinities of the mtDNA types are as follows (lineages are identified by the numbers around the outside of the tree): Western Pygmies (1, 2, 37–48); Eastern Pygmies (4–6, 30–32, 65–73); !Kung (7–22); African Americans (3, 27, 33, 35, 36, 59, 63, 100); Yorubans (24–26, 29, 51, 57, 60, 63, 77, 78,103, 106, 107); Australian (49); Herero (34, 52–56, 105, 127); Asians (23, 28, 58, 74, 75, 84–88, 90–93, 95, 98, 112, 113, 121–124, 126, 128); Papua New Guineans (50, 79–82, 97, 108–110, 125, 129–135); Hadza (61, 62, 64, 83); Naron (76); and Europeans (89, 94, 96, 99, 101, 102, 104, 111,114–120)