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Gene duplication and the evolution of homologous genes

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(a) Gene duplication produces two copies of the same gene. Over time, these copies accumulate different random mutations, which results in homologous genes with similar, but not identical, DNA sequences. (b) Mechanism of gene duplication. If two homologous chromosomes misalign during meiosis, a crossover will produce a chromosome with a gene duplication and one with a corresponding deletion (which may be lethal).
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