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SlideshowReport

Hormones that act through second messengers involve a three-protein module

Description

Receptor
Transducer (G protein)
Effector (adenylate cyclase or related enzyme)

Amino acid sequence of the human b2-adrenergic receptor.

The seven conserved transmembrane domains are shown in orange.

Note also the three extracellular and three cytoplasmic loops and the two N-linked oligosaccharide units on the extracellular side (bound to asparagine residues).

Interaction of the receptor with G proteins is controlled in part by reversible phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues near the C-terminus.
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