Herbivores exploit plants

Herbivory = exploitation in which animals feed on the tissues of plants

May not kill the plant, but affects its growth and survival
Defenses:

Chemicals: toxic or distasteful parts
Physical: thorns, spines, or irritating hairs
Other animals: protect the plant

Two or more species benefit from their interactions

Symbiosis = mutualism in which the organisms live in close physical contact
Microbes within digestive tracts
Plants and fungi

Pollination = bees, bats, birds and others transfer pollen from one flower to another, fertilizing its eggs