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Demographic transition – four stages

Description
Natural rate of population change = due to birth and death rates alone
In countries with good sanitation, health care, and food, people live longer
Life expectancy = average number of years that an individual is likely to continue to live
Increased due to reduced rates of infant mortality
Urbanization, industrialization, and personal wealth

Demographic transition = a model of economic and cultural change to explain the declining death and birth rates in industrializing nations
high birth and death rates change to low birth and death rates
As mortality decreases, there is less need for large families
Parents invest in quality of life

Demographic transition – four stages
The pre-industrial stage has defined most of human history
Transitional stage initiated from industrialization
Industrial stage increases employment outside the home
Post-industrial stage sees both birth rates and death rates fall to low levels

Population growth is seen as a temporary phenomenon
It has occurred in Europe, U.S., Canada, Japan, and other nations over the past 200-300 years
But, it may or may not apply to all developing nations
The transition could fail in cultures that
Place greater value on childbirth
Grant women fewer freedoms
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