Marine Life Zones "الحياة في أعماق البحار"

Marine life zones
Several factors are used to divide the ocean into distinct marine life zones

Availability of light
Photic (light) zone
Upper part of ocean
Sunlit
Euphotic zone is near the surface where the light is strong
Aphotic (without light) zone
Deep ocean
No sunlight

Distance from shore
Intertidal zone – area where land and ocean meet and overlap
Neritic zone – seaward from the low tide line, the continental shelf out to the shelf break
Oceanic zone – beyond the continental shelf

Water depth
Pelagic zone – open ocean of any depth
Benthic zone – includes any sea-bottom surface
Abyssal zone – a subdivision of the benthic zone
Deep
Extremely high water pressure
Low temperatures
No sunlight
Sparse life
Food sources include decaying particles from above, large fragments falling, and hydrothermal vents