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Electrolytes in Body Fluids

Description
Sodium: most abundant cations in extracellular fluid
- Used for impulse transmission, muscle contraction, fluid and electrolyte balance.
- It’s level is controlled by aldosterone, ADH and ANP

Chloride:
the major extracellular anion
- Helps regulate osmotic pressure between compartments
- Forms HCl in the stomach
- Regulation of Cl– balance is controlled by aldosterone

Potassium: most abundant cation in intracellular fluid
- Involved in fluid volume, impulse conduction, muscle contraction and regulating pH
- Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone) regulate the plasma level

Bicarbonate: important plasma ion
- Major member of the plasma acid-base buffer system
- Kidneys reabsorb or secrete it for final acid-base balance

Calcium:
most abundant mineral in the body
- Structural component of bones and teeth
- Used for blood coagulation, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone, excitability of nerves and muscles
- Level in plasma regulated by parathyroid hormone

Phosphate: occurs as calcium phosphate salt
- Used in the buffer system
- Regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitriol

Magnesium: an intracellular cation
- Activates enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism
- Used in myocardial function, transmission in the CNS and operation of the sodium pump






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