Biology Forums - Study Force

Sleeping sickness and Chagas’s disease are caused by members of the genus Trypanosoma, protozoans that reside in the bloodstream.  What is the principle way trypanosomes evade the immune response?

A.   Antagonistic cytokines are produce by the trypanosome.
B.   Periodic changes in the surface antigen (VSG) of trypanosomes ensures that at least some cells will survive antibody mediate attacks.
C.   Trypanosomes are human pathogens and thus immune to human immune responses.
D.   Trypanosomes invade the brain and red blood cells so that immune effector cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells cannot phagocytize trypanosomes.
E.   Vaccines are readily available to people in trypanosome infested areas.

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Thanks.