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Stacey fell down and hurt her knee two days ago. Today she is at the orthopedic surgeon’s office with her knee tender and extremely swollen. The physician tells Stacey that she needs to have the fluid drained from her knee and have an injection to reduce the inflammation. The fluid he drains is watery and bloody.
   1.  What is the normal fluid in the knee joint?
2.  What is the clinical term for the bloody fluid the physician drained?
3.  How did this fluid form?
4.  Which signs of inflammation is Stacey clearly showing?
5.  When the physician gives the “injection to reduce the inflammation,” what is likely in the injection?
6.  If the surgeon prescribes a nonselective COX inhibitor for the pain, how does it work?
7.  How is a selective COX-2 inhibitor different from a nonselective COX inhibitor?

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Thank You! This is an excellent post!

The Fluid that is normally in the knew is called the synovial fluid.

tazyboy28's post doesn't answer the question at all.


The fluid you are speaking about is called synovial fluid.
I believe the word you're looking for is joint effusion.

7.  How is a selective COX-2 inhibitor different from a nonselective COX inhibitor? COX is found in the gatric6 mucosa, where it is responsible for healthy maintenance including the secretion of protective mucus in the kidneys where it regulates perfusion and in platelet aggregation. COX-2 is richly available at sites of inflammation where it mediates, among other things, prostaglandin production. Aspirin, acetaminophen and NSAIDs are nonselective blockers of COX activity.

5. Cortisone injection

This is a great thread

Post like these really help

Thanks this is so helpful  :)

Thanks tazyboy28 for the help with this problem.

1 is Synovial Fluid

Thanks everyone, this class is killing me too

Thanks.

Thank you

tazyboy28 , thank you for the post info.. was able to really build off the model

Thank you for this post. I'm enjoying the class but having trouble finding the answers to some of these case studies which is frustrating.

Thank you.

Thank you tazyboy for your response!

Stacey fell down and hurt her knee two days ago. Today she is at the orthopedic surgeon’s office with her knee tender and extremely swollen. The physician tells Stacey that she needs to have the fluid drained from her knee and have an injection to reduce the inflammation. The fluid he drains is watery and bloody.
   1.  What is the normal fluid in the knee joint?
The normal fluid in the knee joint is called synovial fluid used to reduce friction of the synovial joints.
2.  What is the clinical term for the bloody fluid the physician drained?
The clinical term for the bloody fluid the physician drained is hemorrhagic inflammation.
3.  How did this fluid form?
The fluid in Stacey’s knee formed from damaging capillaries when she fell. The damaged capillaries allowed the escape of erythrocytes into the interstices making the fluid watery and bloody.
4.  Which signs of inflammation is Stacey clearly showing?
Stacey is clearly showing signs of inflammation by her knee being extremely swollen and the tenderness.
5.  When the physician gives the “injection to reduce the inflammation,” what is likely in the injection?
When the physician gives an injection to reduce inflammation it is most likely going to be a corticosteroid such as prednisone or cortisone. These corticosteroids work by blocking phospholipase A2 in return shutting down inflammation.
6.  If the surgeon prescribes a nonselective COX inhibitor for the pain, how does it work?
If the surgeon was to prescribe a nonselective COX inhibitor such as NSAIDs, acetaminophen or acetylsalicylic, it will work to reduce pain by inactivating the pathway that leads to the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which contribute to inflammation. Blocking this pathway can result in reduction of inflammation and thus reducing pain.
7.  How is a selective COX-2 inhibitor different from a nonselective COX inhibitor?
COX-2 inhibitors are different from nonselective COX inhibitors in a few ways including not damaging the gastric mucosa by leaving the nonselective COX uninhibited. Also, COX-2 is richly available at the site of inflammation where as COX-1 is found in the gastric mucosa. The downside is that COX-2 inhibitors are not more effective than COX-1 inhibitors and may not be safe for the renal and cardiovascular systems.

thanks.

Thank you.

Thank You, just what I needed!

Thanks you guys