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Referring to following image, I would like to know on how moon phrase affect light scattering on earth's atmosphere?

(https://biology-forums.com/gallery/37/94679_17_05_18_7_52_12.jpeg) (https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view&id=37657)

Does anyone have any suggestions?
Thanks in advance for any suggestions

good question

As light passes by the Earth's atmosphere, short wavelengths, like blue, are scattered. By the time light finishes its trip to the moon, only longer wavelengths, like red, remain. This is why the moon turns red during an eclipse!

here's a video to illustrate that effect

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5nMs2OpJZhE

@vernonb

I don't think this answers the question, though good info. The question is, do the lunar phases affect light scattering on Earth.

@oem7110

I did some research and couldn't find a connection between light scatter and lunar phases.

Hi oem,

Did you find any connection between the lunar phases and light scatter or was this something you hypothesized yourself?

Referring to following image, does Earth receive more red light full moon (night time)?  
Does Moon have atmosphere to scatter more red light to Earth during new moon (daytime)?

(https://biology-forums.com/gallery/37/94679_02_06_18_8_17_38.png) (https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view&id=37704)

Does anyone have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDHS6bTJjAA

According to the video, earth's atmosphere blocks out all other wave lengths except for red. Earth doesn't receive more red than green, for example, it's because green wave length is absorbed while red isn't.

I would like to know on whether Moon has atmosphere or not.
Does Moon have atmosphere to scatter more red light to Earth during new moon (daytime)?

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

Post Merge: 5 years ago

"Until recently, most everyone accepted the conventional wisdom that the moon has virtually no atmosphere. Just as the discovery of water on the moon transformed our textbook knowledge of Earth's nearest celestial neighbor, recent studies confirm that our moon does indeed have an atmosphere consisting of some unusual gases, including sodium and potassium, which are not found in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars or Venus. It's an infinitesimal amount of air when compared to Earth's atmosphere. At sea level on Earth, we breathe in an atmosphere where each cubic centimeter contains 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules; by comparison the lunar atmosphere has less than 1,000,000 molecules in the same volume. That still sounds like a lot, but it is what we consider to be a very good vacuum on Earth. In fact, the density of the atmosphere at the moon's surface is comparable to the density of the outermost fringes of Earth's atmosphere where the International Space Station orbits."

Ref: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LADEE/news/lunar-atmosphere.html

Referring to above articles, I would like to know on what light spectrum is absorbed by sodium and potassium molecules on moon's atmosphere.

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

Conventionally we say that the moon doesn't have an atmosphere, even though something might except but at infinitesimally lower levels. Ask any science person and they'll tell you the same thing.

Sodium's spectrum is 588 to 589 -- orange.

Potassium is in the lower 500's nm.

Is there any web source to find color of absorption spectrum for different chemical elements? such as carbon dioxide, any elements from periodic table ...

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

I'll join the chat!

http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/periodic4.html

I found this, but it doesn't state the wavelength in nanometers, which kind of sucks.

Try this?

https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/lines_form.html

I find a general Period Table for Spectra, but it shows in image instead only.  I need number in wavelength instead of image.

http://www.fieldtestedsystems.com/ptable/

Do you find any more resource in number format for element's wavelength?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

I'm thinking the reason why one doesn't exist is because some elements give off more than one light, so it'd be hard to make with numbers.


If you search Na in this link, you'll see everywhere in literature that has proven its wavelength. It's a lot more data than you need, but it's very accurate information.

Your given web site is not user friendly, I would like to know on how you know that Sodium's spectrum is 588 to 589 -- orange, there are so many Na as shown below images

(https://biology-forums.com/gallery/37/94679_03_06_18_10_30_20.png) (https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view&id=37706)

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

I agree with you. It's impossible to read and takes 2 minutes to fully load.

Is there a relationship between K and L emission lines and wavelength of emission spectra? If so, this chart summarizes it nicely.

-- http://www.amptek.com/pdf/xraychrt.pdf
-- https://www.bruker.com/fileadmin/user_upload/8-PDF-Docs/X-rayDiffraction_ElementalAnalysis/HH-XRF/Misc/Periodic_Table_and_X-ray_Energies.pdf

It isn't user friendly at all, I got that too, but it's useful if you know what you're looking for. For example, I put Na and narrowed the search to 500 and 540, and got only a few matches.


I don't know if there's a relationship between K and L and wavelength.

At this moment, I only need to know a few following elements' majority spectrum wavelength:

1) CO2
2) N2
3) O2
4) H2
5) He2

Could you please help me to find those wavelength as shown above?
Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

Infrared radiation absorbed by and emitted by CO2 has a wavelength of 15 micrometers.

Source: http://www.exo.net/~pauld/workshops/Greenhouse%20Effect/greenhouse.html


N2 has a wavelength 96 and 102

Source: https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/amp/ampdata/14n2/n2lstf.pdf


645 nm

Source: https://books.google.ca/books?id=kC28BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&dq=%22o2+wavelength%22&source=bl&ots=gydRxp0AJ-&sig=wG8Dst9n-DwT2_iyGK2qwQjZuxE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim74qAvrjbAhVL6IMKHXI6BW0Q6AEIMDAC#v=onepage&q=%22o2%20wavelength%22&f=false

I just spent 30 minutes looking for these, but kept finding contradicting results. I don't think I'd be doing you a favor finding these because I don't see them correct :worried:

Thank you very much for your time  ;D
Thanks, to everyone very much for suggestions (^v^)

You're welcome, if you find accurate wavelength values, please share with the community

I would like to follow up this issue, referring to following image, does Moon's atmosphere scatter more red light to Earth during new moon (daytime)?

(https://biology-forums.com/gallery/37/94679_03_06_18_11_48_56.png) (https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view&id=37708)

Does anyone have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

I don't think the moon's atmosphere is strong enough to have this effect on Earth.

Thanks, to everyone very much for suggestions (^v^)

Do you have access right on following reference materials?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

For the elements, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
has a big table in the section "optical physics", not in "spectroscopy".

http://hbcponline.com/faces/contents/ContentsResults.xhtml#

That's exactly what you need, the spectroscopy numbers for those gases. Interestingly, the only database available is:

https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/lines_form.html?

It's the only one referenced by other scientist. But I don't know how to use it correctly. Once I study it, and learn how to read it, I'll reply back. Also, if you figure it out before me, let us know.

I'll reply to the other topic later today, won't be home until tonight :lol:

Thanks you very much and I wait for your reply.

Furthermore, referring to following image, Earth's atmosphere contains main N2 and O2, when Sunlight shine to Earth's atmosphere, what color of light are reflected from Earth to Space? On the other words, based on nitrogen spectrum image, would nitrogen from atmosphere mainly reflect red and blue spectrum toward space? and would oxygen from atmosphere mainly reflect green and red spectrum toward space? 

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

(https://biology-forums.com/gallery/37/94679_06_06_18_1_30_31.jpeg) (https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view&id=37709)

Ref : https://www.atoptics.co.uk/highsky/auror3.htm

From space, earth appears blue:

(https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/https%3A%2F%2Fblogs-images.forbes.com%2Fstartswithabang%2Ffiles%2F2016%2F03%2F1-WAhCJ5RdyyZyhBYx4hh9Jg.jpg)

Here's the way I see it. The BLUE (and violet) light in the sunlight is the highest frequency (of what we can see) and therefore has the littlest waves. These smaller waves happen to be around half the size of the red waves. When these SMALL waves of blue light pass through the earth's atmosphere, many of them eventually "crash into" the relatively LARGE atoms of Oxygen and Nitrogen. They tend to "bounce off" (are reflected or SCATTERED) and then they go all directions including sideways and down toward us.

A more scientific way of saying this is to say that the Oxygen and Nitrogen atoms are of a size that has a "natural vibration rate" (called frequency) that is closer to the rates of vibration of BLUE light. So the blue light can cause those atoms to start vibrating. The vibrating atoms then give off blue light when they stop vibrating, and that new blue light can go in any direction. (It's a little more complicated than that, but the general idea is correct.)

Referring to following video, it seems that for Balmer Series there are many elements dropping to n = 2 orbit, which release blue color wavelength.  When blue wavelength is scattering, it requires electrons to interact with 2nd orbits to absorb and radiate energy (blue color wavelength). That make Ocean looking blue from space.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiINTUZoAiw

Furthermore, for following orbits, they release infrared wavelength.
Paschen Series (3rd Orbit) - Infrared wavelength
Brackett Series (4th Orbit) - Infrared wavelength
Pfund Series (5th Orbit) - Infrared wavelength

It seems that color / wavelength are fixed based on absorb and radiate energy levels. so why apple is red? which orbit levels are related to absorb and radiate energy (red color wavelength)? is the distance between orbit levels fixed within N2 (Blue) and O2 (Yellow or Orange) structure?

Furthermore, when red color wavelength do not change any orbit levels within N2 or O2 atom, does red color wavelength just pass through atom without any interaction with atom's electrons?

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

Post Merge: 5 years ago

I would like to check H2O absorption spectrum and confirm on whether blue color from ocean is related to H2O absorption spectrum or not.

Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

Post Merge: 5 years ago

When you know on how to use the reference, could you please also check on H2O absorption spectrum as well?

Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

What makes an apple red or green depends on the molecules contained in the pigment making up the apple. I'm not sure what makes up the red color in apples. Nitrogen and oxygen aren't the only elements that produce a certain color.


My knowledge in quantum physics is quite limited.


Probably it reflects off the atom's nucleus while the other wavelengths are absorbed.



(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Water_infrared_absorption_coefficient_large.gif)

Source: Link (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_infrared_absorption_coefficient_large.gif)

Caption:
Absorption spectrum (attenuation coefficient vs. wavelength) of liquid water (red), atmospheric water vapor (green) and ice (blue line) between 667 nm and 200 μm.

The closest thing I found to a "tutorial" is https://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~phy293lab/experiments/rydberg.pdf

Also uploaded it to our resources in case the link dies: https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=downloads;sa=view;down=11148

I find good source of wavelength spectrum (atom element ONLY) from following reference in library, but I cannot find wavelength spectrum for CO2 and OH-.

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Ch. 10)

Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

There's a difference between the emission spectrum of molecules versus pure elements.

I found an article maybe that might shed some light on CO2, attached...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062289649800717

Do you have any suggestions on what wavelength spectrum is represented by 4.3u?

Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

The articles mentions that the emission spectrum is in the infrared spectrum, 4.26 \(\mu M\).

4.3um = 4300nm, which CO2 belong to infrared wavelength.  I get it.

Thanks, to everyone very much for any suggestions (^v^)

\(\sim 3.0\ \mu m\)

Source 

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LCROSS/main/prelim_water_results.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxy_group