Biology Forums - Study Force

Glomerular Filtration
Activity 1:  Effect of Arteriole Diameter on Glomerular Filtration

1.   Compare this data with your baseline data.  How did increasing the afferent arteriole radius affect glomerular filtration rate?   
2.   Under these conditions, does the fluid flow through the nephron? 
3.   What is the glomerular filtration rate? 
4.   How does it compare to your baseline data, and why? 
5.   How did increasing the efferent radius affect glomerular filtration rate? If increased then Glomerular Filtration Rate would decrease
6.   How did decreasing the efferent radius affect glomerular filtration rate?  If increased then Glomerular Filtration Rate would decrease
7.   Physiologically, what could be the cause of a change in afferent or efferent arteriole radius? 

Activity 2:  Effect of Pressure on Glomerular Filtration

1.   As pressure increased, what happened to the pressure in the glomerulus? 
2.   What happened to the glomerular filtration rate? 
3.   How did the urine volume change? 
4.   How could increased urine volume be viewed as being beneficial to the body? 

Activity 3:  Combined Effects

1.   What happened to the glomerular filtration rate and urine volume after you reduced the pressure?  When the Valve was Closed, there was no Glomerular Filtration Rate and no Urine Production
2.   How could you adjust the afferent or efferent radius to compensate for the effect of the reduced pressure on glomerular filtration rate and urine volume?  Use the simulation to determine your answer. 
3.   What changes are seen in nephron function when the valve is closed? 
4.   Why were these changes seen? 
5.   Is the kidney functional when the glomerular filtration rate is zero?  Explain your answer. 
6.   What is the major “ingredient” that needs to be removed from the blood?
7.   Studies on aging have demonstrated that some nephrons may fail as we get older.  Will this be a problem regarding urine formation?
8.   If blood pressure went down – for example, as the result of blood loss – what changes would the kidney need to make to maintain its normal filtration rate? 

Simulating Urine Formation
Activity 4:  Effect of solute Gradient on Urine Concentration

1.   How did the urine solute concentration change as the concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid increased? 
2.   What happened to the urine volume as the concentration gradient increased?   Why? 
3.   By increasing the concentration gradient, what are you doing to the urine that is formed? 
4.   Predict what would happen to urine volume if you did not add ADH to the collecting duct. 

Activity 5:  Reabsorption of Glucose

1.   What happens to the glucose concentration as you add glucose carriers to the system? 
2.   At what point does the glucose concentration in the urine become zero? 
3.   What would you expect to find in the urine of a diabetic?  Why? 
 
Activity 6:  Effect of Hormones on Reabsorption

1.   Which hormone has the greater effect on urine volume?  Why? 
2.   How does the addition of aldosterone affect the concentration of potassium in the urine? 
3.   How does the addition of ADH affect the concentration of potassium in the urine? How does this compare to the effect of adding aldosterone, with respect to potassium concentration in the urine? 
4.   How does the addition of both hormones affect 1) urine concentration, 2) urine volume, and 3) potassium concentration? 
5.   If ADH were not used, how would the urine concentration vary?  Explain your answer. 

I need help on this lab as well

Which part?

I need help on all of it as well..

Activity 6:  Effect of Hormones on Reabsorption if possible.

and also Activity 3:  Combined Effects.

I need help

Activity 3

9. Record the glomerular filtration rate at a beaker pressure of 80 mm Hg: 129.61
13. Record the glomerular filtration rate at a beaker pressure of 85 mm Hg: 151.24
14. What variables other than beaker pressure could you change to return the glomerular filtration rate to “normal” (the value when beaker pressure is 80 mm Hg)? Circle the correct change in each set of parentheses: (decrease) in the afferent radius, (increase) in the efferent radius.
16. List the value of each variable that results in a glomerular filtration rate approximately the same as its starting value when beaker pressure is 85 mm Hg.
Afferent radius 0.53 mm
Efferent radius 0.46 mm

Hope this helps!

Activity 6
5. Baseline urine volume: 201.00

6. Urine volume with aldosterone present: 180.90

In this run, how does the volume of urine differ from the previously measured baseline volume?
The volume is lower with aldosterone present than the base baseline urine volume.

Explain the difference in the total amount of potassium in the urine between this run and the baseline run.
There is more potassium in the run with aldosterone than the baseline run.

7. In this run, how does the volume of urine differ from the baseline measurement?
The volume with ADH is significantly lower than the baseline measurement.

Is there a difference in the total amount of potassium in this run and the total amount of potassium in the baseline run?
There is no difference in the amount of potassium in the urine.

Explain your answer. (Hint: The urine volume with ADH present is about one-tenth the urine volume when it is not present.)
Although the concentration is higher when ADH is present and the volume of urine has been reduced, the total amount of potassium has not changed.

Are the effects of aldosterone and ADH similar or antagonistic?
Similar—they both regulate sodium and water in the kidneys.

Consider this situation: we want to reabsorb sodium ions but do not want to increase the volume of the blood by reabsorbing water from the filtrate. Assuming that aldosterone and ADH are both present, how would you adjust the hormones to accomplish the task?
The amount of aldosterone would need to be increased while the amount of ADH would need to decrease.

Hope this helps too!

Awesome response ;D

Thanks! :)

Can anyone help me with the activities 4 and 5 of this exercise?

I will tomorrow, I'm using another computer and all my files are on the other comp... :thu: Make a new topic so that I don't forget.

I actually figured it out, but thank you!

Do you still need assistance?

I still need assistance

What's your question, Charlie?

I figured it out actually.. thanks to:   https://biology-forums.com/index.php/topic,1971.new.html#new (https://biology-forums.com/index.php/topic,1971.new.html#new)

Thank you very much for asking though

Then I will mark this topic as solved, for the time being. You're welcome.Then I will mark this topic as solved, for the time being. You're welcome.

i have many question about renal system.
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i have many question about renal system.
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Thanks so much!

PhysioEx Exercise 9: Renal System Physiology

Activity 1: What happens to the glomerular filtration rate as the afferent radius is increased?
     The glomerular filtration rate increases, due to the increased blood flow into the glomerulus.

If the efferent radius is increased, what happens to the glomerular filtration rate?
     Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases.

Activity 2: What happened to the glomerular filtration rate as the beaker pressure was increased?
   Glomerular filtration rate was increased.

Why does an increase in pressure result in a faster glomerular filtration rate? Choose all that apply:
     Because the glomerular hydrostatic pressure increased.
     Because the net filtration pressure increased.

Activity 4: In the presence of ADH, what happened to the urine concentration as the gradient concentration was increased?
     The urine concentration increased.

What factor limits the maximum possible concentration?
     The osmolarity of the interstitial gradient.

Activity 5: What happened to the amount of glucose present in the urine as the number of glucose carriers was increased?
     The amount of glucose present decreased.

What would happen if there was more glucose than could be transported by the available number of glucose carrier molecules?
     Glucose would be present in the urine.

Why would we expect to find glucose present in the urine of a diabetic person?
     There is too much glucose in the filtrate to be reabsorbed.

Activity 6: What happened to the urine volume when aldosterone was added?
     The urine volume decreased.

What happened to the urine volume when ADH was added?
     The urine volume decreased greatly.

What happened to the amount of potassium present in urine when ADH was added?
     The concentration of potassium was higher when ADH was present, but the actual amount of potassium in the urine    remained the same.

How would you compare the effects of aldosterone to the effects of ADH?
     They are similar to one another.

Consider this situation: We want to reabsorb sodium ions, but do not want to increase the volume of the blood by reabsorbing water from the filtrate. Assuming that aldosterone and ADH are both present, how would you adjust the hormones to accomplish the task?
     Increase aldosterone / decrease ADH