Biology Forums - Study Force

What once was an open pasture on a long abandoned farm has changed over time, without the direct influence of humans. After the cattle had been removed, shrubs and bushes could be seen dotting the grass-covered hillsides. A few years later, small pine trees and then larger deciduous trees appeared. Now, there are so many trees and shaded regions it is difficult to tell that this was once a field.In this wooded region that was once pasture, a mature forest of towering oaks and hickory trees has taken over. However, change is still apparent, as a large patch of young shrubs and small trees are growing where several large trees were toppled by a storm several years ago. Collectively, this wooded region represents:
A: intermediate succession
B: a climax ecosystem
c: a sustained biome
D: primary succession

secondary succession