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In cosmology, what is “quintessence”?

(a)   It is a form of dark energy that can change as the universe expands, thus allowing the acceleration of the expansion to adjust itself to the value we see today.
(b)   It is a form of dark matter that has less gravitational effect as the universe expands and becomes less dense. The expansion is able to accelerate as quintessence loses its effect.
(c)   It is a form of energy in superstring theory, in which all particles and radiation are simply manifestations of a single, unified force.

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