Biology Forums - Study Force

1)Below are two histograms showing guppy coloration in two different streams, Stream North and Stream South. Use these histograms to answer the first two questions.
Q1. Which spot brightness level is most heavily represented in Stream North?

Q2. In which stream is average spot brightness highest: Stream North or Stream South?

Stream North.
Stream South.

Q3. Darwin's theory of natural selection is based on which of the following assumptions? (Check all that apply.)

Variability
Inheritance
Differential survival
Sexual reproduction

Q4. Which of the following options best summarizes Endler's greenhouse pond experiment? Variation in adult male coloration among ponds was due to:

The populations initially having different coloration.
Differences in the hunting patterns of predators.
The loss of spots in some populations due to a mutation.
Variable preferences by female guppies causing divergent sexual selection.

Q5. Fill in the blanks in the following sentence by selecting an option from below. Cichlids tend to prey on ______________ guppies, while Rivulus mainly prey on _____________ guppies.

Adult; juvenile
Juvenile; adult
Male; female
Female; male

Q6. Which of the following locations was not indicated as part of the natural range of guppies, Poecilia reticulata?

Venezuela.
Trinidad.
Tobago.
Columbia.

Q7. In Endler's study, after 20 months, what was the average number of spots on fish in the control pond?

10
11
12
13

Q8. Which of the following best describes the change in coloration observed in male guppies?

A mutation in the male guppies occurred when predators were present.
The male guppies change their coloration when they see a predator.
Male guppies with more showy coloration tend to be eaten more often.
When females are in the presence of predators, they tend to give birth to less showy male guppies.

Q9. Imagine a different system in which toads had a wide range of variation in color. In some ponds, most of the toads are light in color. In other ponds, the average color is fairly dark. From the options below, select which represent TESTABLE hypotheses that could explain this difference in coloration. (Check all that apply.)

A predator that is present in some ponds prefers one color to the other.
Female toads in some ponds prefer darker toads, while females in another pond prefer lighter toads.
Toad color is determined by food quality, which varies pond to pond.
Toads can change their color, based on their stress level.

Q10. An evolutionary biologist studying the toads in Question 9 hypothesizes that female toads prefer like-colored mates, and this preference maintains observed variation in toad color among ponds. Such mating is called assortative; in this case it would mean that light-colored females prefer light-colored males, and dark-colored females prefer dark-colored males.

The biologist has already determined that color is highly heritable for these toads. She rears toads in experimental tanks with no predators, over many generations, holding food quality constant. Which observation below best REFUTES her hypothesis?

A tank initially containing light and dark toads of both genders eventually contains only dark toads.
A tank initially containing light-colored females and males of both colors eventually contains only dark toads.
A tank initially containing dark-colored females and males of both colors eventually contains only dark toads.
A tank initially containing light-colored females and dark-colored males eventually contains toads of intermediate coloration.

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no not yet, i need help on the questions

Looks to me like the South stream, according to the graph, of course.

I agree. According to the graph, the average of the south stream is much higher than the average of the north stream. I chose south also

@meagan.n.gilbert: Could you post the other questions :'( I could really use this!

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I think it’s brighter in stream south

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Very helpful. I was stuck in the question for such a long time. Thank you so much.

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Thank you. This helped me out a lot

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Post Merge: 2 years ago

But where can i see all the answers, cause i can't find them

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hii, need help with these

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Post Merge: 2 years ago

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Thank you for this information, I was having trouble understanding one of the questions.

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 Cichlids tend to prey on _Adult__ guppies, while Rivulus mainly prey on _ juvenile __ guppies.

Adult; juvenile

 The cichlid will have a marked visual bias towards the brightly colored, adult, male guppies and they tend to prefer adult fish than juvenile one and adult are easy to spot when compared to young fish, whereas the killifish Rivulus hartii will prey mainly on juveniles and is not a predator on adult guppies due to their size restriction.


B. Differences in the hunting patterns of predators.

Endler in his experiment has grown guppies from 18 locations in 11 different streams in artificial ponds in a greenhouse for about 6 months and then divided them into 10 greenhouse ponds. Added single cichlid to four ponds and half a dozen Rivulus to other ponds and after five and 14 months, he sampled male guppies from his ten populations to count their spots. The summary of greenhouse experiment showed that evolution of phenotypes in response to changes in the balance of sexual reproduction as well as predation selection

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