Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by centralization of the nervous system?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by centralization of the nervous system?
 a. The delay between sensory stimulus input and motor response allows an individual to weigh the merits of its options.
  b. The output neuron can receive inputs from multiple sources, including higher centers like the brain.
  c. The higher centers can suppress reflex responses.
  d. The higher centers can alter sensitivity of the motor neuron to its other inputs.
  e. The higher centers can activate motor neurons in an anticipatory fashion.