Which statement is false regarding minorities in policing?

Which statement is false regarding minorities in policing?
 
  A) White officers were historically very prejudiced, and as late as the 1950s, some refused to ride with African Americans in patrol cars.
  B) The first African American was hired as a police officer in 1931.
  C) Current research reveals the higher the percentage of black officers on the force, the higher the arrest rate for crimes such as assault.
  D) Minority officers report feeling more stress than whites and greater marginalization.
  E) White officers sometimes view minority officers as tokens.