When the health status of blacks and whites are compared, the data show __________.
a. white males live about five years longer than do black males, although there is no racial differences among females
b. blacks are more likely than whites to rate their own health as fair or poor
c. the infant mortality for blacks is about the same as for whites, but life expectancy is lower
d. blacks are more likely to receive treatment for illnesses like heart disease, breast cancer, and HIV than are whites because they are more likely to have Medicaid, and whites are more likely to be uninsured
Martin, a high school student, does not have health insurance. Which of the following likely describes Martin's family?
a. Martin's parents are over 65.
b. Martin's parents are both unemployed.
c. Martin's parents are white.
d. Martin's parents have a family income around 59,000.
Which of the following statements about health insurance in the United States is TRUE?
a. By the 1920s, Americans began to equate health insurance with employment: you get a job and you get insurance.
b. As health care costs began to rise substantially in the 1960s, large businesses began to be concerned about costs and started dropping health insurance for their workers.
c. Only a little more than half of Americans receive health insurance from an employer.
d. The cost of health insurance is rolled into taxes.
The text points out that in 2010, 50 million Americans under age 65 did not have health insurance. By the end of 2014, the number of uninsured Americans was __________.
a. 31 million
b. 45 million
c. 59 million
d. 66 million
Historically, as strides were made in reducing illness, some doctors began to develop narrow specialties and to refer patients to hospitals with special facilities.
This practice created a situation in which specialized doctors and hospital personnel became highly interdependent, which caused __________. a. Americans to look to Canada to provide medical services
b. employers to begin offering health insurance
c. medical sociologists to study the health care field
d. family doctors and preventive medical practices to suffer
Medical sociologists often point out that health care institutions themselves are the source of many problems we associate with health in the United States because __________.
a. health care never developed as a purely competitive industry or regulated public service
b. clinicians ignored the contributions of medical sociologists during the nineteenth century when the health care field developed
c. health care institutions perpetuate racial inequality
d. health care institutions have refused to treat fistulas
In studying access to health care, sociologists find that __________ is/are most likely to affect access.
a. the personal characteristics of the individual
b. the time at which the illness strikes
c. the occupation aspired to by the person
d. social inequality
The subfield of sociology that specializes in research on the health-care system and its impact on the public is called __________.
a. the sociology of illness
b. health-care sociology
c. medical sociology
d. gerontology
According to the text, in the United States our comparatively poor health is largely due to _________.
a. low birth rates and high life expectancy
b. the number of healthcare professionals available
c. growing inequality and lifestyle problems
d. the emergence of new and deadly epidemics
Abrinet has a fistula, which means __________.
a. she is incontinent due to obstructed childbirth
b. all of the children she has given birth to have died, and therefore she is stigmatized by her family and community
c. she is a university-trained physician who works in a rural, underserved area d. her life expectancy is low because of her illness
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