Q1. Which of the following terms best describes the place in a cladogram where a lineage splits?
a) Node
b) Branch
c) Root
d) Tip
Q2. Hodges and his colleagues hypothesized that evolution of which of the following characteristics led to the rapid diversification of columbine (genus Aquilegia)?
a) Cold tolerance
b) Root tips
c) Nectar spurs
d) Barbed seeds
Q3. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to determine how closely related two groups are on a cladogram?
a)Counting the number of nodes between the groups of interest.
b)Counting the number of other groups between the groups of interest.
c) Looking at the first (earliest) common ancestor of the two groups.
d) Looking at the last (most recent) common ancestor of the two groups.
Q4. Approximately how many species of columbine have been described by science?
a) 10
b) 30
c) 50
d) 70
Q5. Humans carry a variety of non-functional genetic sequences, called processed pseudogenes, in their DNA. We can estimate how long ago they first appeared in the genomes of our ancestors. Human processed pseudogenes include the three options below. Which of these would be most widespread among other primate species?
a) alpha-enolase psi1 (11 million years old)
b) AS psi7 (16 million years old)
c) CALM II psi3 (36 million years old)
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