Explain the terms, hyperpolarized and summation as they apply to a neuron.

1) hyperpolarized is a condition in which the inside of the nerve cell membrane becomes more negative than the resting potential
summation is the effect produced by the accumulation of neurotransmiters from two or more neurons

When a neuron is hyperpolarized, it isn't able to fire, and is essentially a quiet, sleepy cell. An analogy may be applying brakes to a car.  Just as greater amounts of gas are required to cause the car to move while stepping on the brakes, greater amounts of stimuli are required to cause a neuron to fire that is hyperpolarized.

For the second part about summation, there are two types. The effect of more than one synaptic potential arriving at a neuron is additive if the time span between the stimuli is short. This is called temporal summation. The summation effect is greatest when the time interval between stimuli is very short. The effect of more than one synaptic potential arriving at a given region of a neuron can also be additive. This is called spatial summation. The summing effect is greater if multiple stimuli all arrive at nearby areas of a membrane.  The effect is less if they stimulate separate, distant areas.

Can u guys please answer #2. Thnx for #1.