Although urinary obstruction and urinary incontinence have almost opposite effects on urination, ...

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Disorders of lower urinary tract structure and function include urinary obstruction with retention or stasis of urine and urinary incontinence with involuntary loss of urine. Both types of disorders can have their origin in the structures of the lower urinary tract or in the neural mechanisms that control their function. Urinary incontinence can result from loss of bladder distensibility. Chronic outlet obstruction can cause bladder wall hypertrophy. Incontinence can result from reflex spasms, leading to segmental reflex bladder control instead of micturition center control.